Urinary tract infection (UTI)

About Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Acute infections of the urinary tract can be separated into upper and lower tract infections. The bladder is the most common site of all infections (cystitis).It is a lower tract infection. Upper tract infections involve the ureters and kidneys. Kidney infections (pyelonephritis) can be very serious with high fever, vomiting, and severe pain. Because of the shorter urethras in women they are more prone to develop urinary tract infections than men. Most urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria. Catheterization of the bladder increases the risk of the infection. In patents with a weakened immune system (diabetics, patients receiving chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS, elderly) prompt treatment is needed because of the increased chance of a life threatening infection developing.

Symptoms

Cloudy urine, blood in the urine (hematuria), foul or strong urine odor, frequent or urgent need to urinate, need to urinate at night (nocturia), pain or burning with urination (dysuria), pressure below the umbilicus of the abdomen. Upper tract infections cause flank pain, fever, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Elderly patients can experience significant confusion.

Tests & Diagnostics

A history and physical exam will be performed. A urine analysis (UA) and culture will establish the diagnosis and identify the organism.

Common tests: Urinalysis (UA).

Path 3 — Prescription Options

Prescription medications

Conventional treatment summary

Therapy depends on whether the person has a simple lower tract infection vs. an upper tract infection and the severity of illness. Treatment includes: antibiotics, medications to decrease the burning (phenazopyridine/Pyridium), and/or pain medications. A urinalysis is sometimes recommended after treatment to ensure the infection has gone away.

Medical specialties

Internal Medicine · Pediatrics · Obstetrics and Gynecology · Family Practice

This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Urinary tract infection (UTI).