Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
About Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Damage or death of heart muscle cells, caused by a blockage of an artery that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart (coronary artery). Symptoms can vary widely and can be atypical in the elderly, diabetics and women. The most common cause of the blockage is build- up of fatty deposits called plaque in the artery (atherosclerosis). High blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, family history of heart attacks and diabetes increase the risk of having a heart attack. If untreated, heart failure and death can occur, and at times very rapidly.Symptoms
Chest pain (typically described as squeezing, crushing, or band like), some people may have little or no chest pain (elderly, diabetics, or women). Other symptoms include: jaw pain, arm pain, back pain, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, sweating, nausea, vomiting, apprehension, fainting, dizziness.Tests & Diagnostics
A history and physical exam will be performed. Initial testing includes an electrocardiogram (EKG) and blood test for troponin (a heart muscle protein released into the blood during a heart attack). A coronary angiogram can identify the site of coronary artery blockage. A high resolution chest CT scan can also demonstrate blockages. CT scans can also rule out other diseases that can clinically mimic a heart attack. An echocardiogram is done to see well the heart is pumping.Common tests: Complete blood count (CBC), Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), Coronary angiogram, EKG, Troponin, X-ray.
OTC sleep aids and supportive treatments
Prescription medications
Conventional treatment summary
Treatment is aimed at improving the blood flow to the heart, treating life threatening arrhythmias, and maximizing the heart function. Anti-platelet drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel/Plavix, are given immediately. Coronary (heart) artery blockages are reduced by the following: clot busting medication (alteplase/t-PA), balloon angioplasty, stent placement, surgical bypass, and/or blood thinners. Other medications also given usually include a high dose statin to lower cholesterol, a beta blocker to slow heart rate and an angiotensin enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) that helps the heart remodel appropriately. For additional information contact the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Health Information Center at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov or call (301)592-8573 American Heart Association: (800)242-8721Medical specialties
Cardiology
This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Myocardial infarction (heart attack).