Methemoglobinemia
About Methemoglobinemia
Abnormal hemoglobin in the blood that does not carry normal amounts of oxygen around the body, and may be caused either by an inherited condition or by exposure to a medication or drug. Hemoglobin carries the oxygen in the blood and is found within the red blood cells. Because methemoglobin is not able to carry oxygen normally, it causes a bluish discoloration to the skin. The most common drugs to cause the disorder are: benzocaine, lidocaine, dapsone, chloroquine, nitrates, and nitrites. Nitrates are sometimes inhaled and used as a drug of abuse called `poppers`. The disease can be very serious leading to very low blood pressure, seizures and death.Symptoms
Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis), breathing problems, fatigue. The inherited type can cause stunted growth, mental retardation, seizures, and failure to thrive.Tests & Diagnostics
A history and physical exam will be done. Blood tests are done to confirm the disorder.Conventional treatment summary
Patients will be given oxygen. Methylene blue is given intravenously to reverse the methemoglobin. Other treatment options include hyperbaric oxygen and exchange transfusions.Medical specialties
Hematology and Oncology · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · Medical Toxicology
This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Methemoglobinemia.