Encephalitis (brain infection)

About Encephalitis (brain infection)

An inflammation of the brain usually from a viral infection. Viral encephalitis may be caused by herpes, west Nile virus, measles, chickenpox, rubella, and equine viruses. Rarely encephalitis can result from cancer, bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections, from medications or a reaction to a vaccination.

Symptoms

Headache, confusion, fever, vomiting, seizures, weakness, difficulty walking.

Tests & Diagnostics

A history and physical exam will be performed. After a brain CT scan or brain MRI a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) will be performed to analyze the fluid for inflammation or infection. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is tested for viral antigens, viral antibodies and/or culture.

Conventional treatment summary

Supportive care is given. If herpes is suspected acyclovir (an antiviral medication) is administered. Early in the disease antibiotics may be given until a bacterial infection is ruled out.

Medical specialties

Neurology · Pediatric Neurology

This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Encephalitis (brain infection).