Chicken pox (varicella)
About Chicken pox (varicella)
Chickenpox is a viral disease caused by the herpes varicella virus. It is very contagious and was much more common before the chickenpox vaccine became available. In most cases it is a mild disease but can be very serious in the very young, those with weakened immune systems, pregnant women, people with eczema, and older adults. Rarely, the infection can cause pneumonia or inflammation in the brain (encephalitis). Those patients at increased risk need to avoid exposure to anyone suspected of having chicken pox. Once someone has chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles.Symptoms
Fever, headache, stomach ache, and decrease appetite occur for a day or two before the rash develops. The rash consists of small red bumps, and fluid filled blisters. The rash starts on the scalp, face and trunk and moves out to the arms and legs. It is usually very itchy. After a couple of days the blisters crust over and scab. The blisters can also occur in the mouth, vagina and eyelids. Rarely patients can experience cough and shortness of breath, or severe headache and confusion.Tests & Diagnostics
A history and physical exam will be performed. Chickenpox is usually diagnosed from the classic rash and other symptoms. Blood tests, and tests of the pox blisters themselves, can positively identify the virus but are rarely necessary.OTC sleep aids and supportive treatments
Prescription medications
Conventional treatment summary
Most cases only require skin to care. Keep skin clean with mild soap and water. Try to not scratch. Oatmeal baths and topical lotions can help relieve itching. Oral antihistamines such as diphenhydramine/Benadryl also may help. The nails should be kept short to prevent scarring from scratching. Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir/Zovirax are available and should be started within 24 hours of the rash. These drugs are recommended in those groups at risk for more serious infections, and in cases of suspected pneumonia or encephalitis. Do not give children aspirin since this has been associated with Reyes syndrome. All children should be considered for vaccination. The vaccine dramatically decreases the risk of getting chicken pox and shingles later in life.Medical specialties
Internal Medicine · Pediatrics · Family Practice · Infectious Disease Medicine · Pediatric Infectious Disease Medicine
This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Chicken pox (varicella).