Incisional hernia

About Incisional hernia

An incisional hernia occurs because of a weakened area of muscle next to a surgical wound. This weakened area cannot hold in the abdominal contents and it protrudes, or herniates, through the defect. The hernia can contain fat, intestines or other tissue. Typically the hernia protrudes with any activity that increases the pressure in the abdomen such as lifting a heavy object or straining to have a bowel movement. Often, the protrusion will relieve itself or can be gently pushed back in place. If the herniated contents become stuck in the defect it is called an incarcerated hernia. Some incarcerated hernias can cause a blockage of the intestines (bowel obstruction). If an incarcerated hernia is not relieved, the contents of the hernia can swell, lose its blood supply and die. This type of hernia is called a strangulated hernia. The most serious strangulated hernias contain intestine and if untreated can lead to a hole in the intestine and a life threatening infection (peritonitis).

Symptoms

Abdominal pain, mass in abdominal wall, mass in groin or scrotum, mass that enlarges with straining, vomiting, abdominal distension. If incarceration or strangulation develop, the patient may experience severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fever, loss of consciousness and death.

Tests & Diagnostics

A history and physical exam will be performed. X-rays may be performed to diagnose intestinal obstruction. An ultrasound or CT scan may also be performed to help better define the hernia further.

Common tests: Complete blood count (CBC), Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), CT Scan, Ultrasound, X-ray.

Conventional treatment summary

If no significant symptoms are being experienced, no treatment may be necessary. Hernias that are getting larger or causing pain usually require surgical repair. Incarcerated or strangulated hernias need immediate surgical repair to prevent serious injury or death.

Medical specialties

General Surgery

This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Incisional hernia.