Mallory Weiss syndrome (esophageal tear)

About Mallory Weiss syndrome (esophageal tear)

Refers to a superficial tear in the lower part of the esophagus that occurs during forceful vomiting, prolonged vomiting, or persistent coughing. These tears may cause severe bleeding. Any disorder that causes vomiting or coughing can cause this disorder.

Symptoms

Vomiting blood, vomiting coffee ground material, bloody stools, black stools (melena), chest pain.

Tests & Diagnostics

A history and physical exam will be performed. Additional tests include: an EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), tests to measure the blood count and ability to clot blood, X-ray and/or CT scan to rule out esophageal rupture.

Common tests: Complete blood count (CBC), Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), CT Scan, X-ray.

Path 2 — Over-the-Counter Options

OTC sleep aids and supportive treatments

Path 3 — Prescription Options

Prescription medications

Conventional treatment summary

The tear and bleeding usually resolve without special treatment. Surgery is rarely required. Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole/Prilosec, pantoprazole/Protonix) or H2 blockers (cimetidine/Tagamet, ranitidine/Zantac) may be given. Blood transfusions may be necessary if the bleeding is severe. Excessive bleeding or persistent bleeding may require endoscopy or surgery to stop the bleeding.

Medical specialties

Gastroenterology · Pediatric Gastroenterology

This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Mallory Weiss syndrome (esophageal tear).