Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
About Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
PMS is experienced during the week or two weeks prior to a menstrual period, and involves behavioral symptoms and possibly physical symptoms. The symptoms usually stop soon after menstruation begins. Half of all women experience PMS at some time, and the peak occurrence is between ages 25 and 40.Symptoms
Symptoms occur up to 14 days before the first day of the menstrual period and improve within one or two days after menstruation begins. Symptoms include: irritability, personality changes, mood swings, depressed mood, anxiety, headache, swelling of ankles, feet, and hands, backache, abdominal cramps or heaviness, abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, feeling gaseous, muscle spasms, breast tenderness, weight gain, recurrent cold sores, acne flare-ups, nausea, bloating, constipation or diarrhea, decreased coordination, food cravings, less tolerance for noises and lights, painful menstruation.Tests & Diagnostics
A history and physical exam will be performed. There are no definitive tests to establish the diagnosis. Sometimes a psychiatric evaluation is performed to rule out other potential causes for symptoms that may be attributed to PMS. A symptom calendar can help women identify the most troublesome symptoms and to confirm the diagnosis of PMS.Prescription medications
Conventional treatment summary
Exercise and diet changes (avoiding simple sugars, caffeine, and alcohol) can help relieve symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/Motrin or Advil, naproxen/Naprosyn) are prescribed for pain. Birth control pills may decrease PMS symptoms but are not effective in all patients. Antidepressants and/or cognitive behavioral therapy may be recommended.Medical specialties
Internal Medicine · Pediatrics · Obstetrics and Gynecology · Family Practice
This page is educational content, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).