Longevity & Healthy Aging
Education and research information only. Longevity is a research field, not a treatment: findings in cells, worms and mice often do not carry over to people, and aging is not an approved medical indication. This library labels the strength of evidence on every topic, keeps biological age tests and supplement claims in proportion, and puts lifestyle factors with the strongest evidence first.
It gives no dosing, protocols or advice to start, stop or change a medicine or supplement. Practical healthy-aging guidance lives in Wellness Goals; nutrient and supplement profiles live in Vitamins & Supplements.
What would you like help understanding?
Safety first
- These topics can involve legal restrictions, medicine interactions and serious health risks. Laws differ by country and change.
- Do not stop a prescribed medicine or delay care for a serious condition to try any of these.
- If someone may be poisoned or in a crisis, call emergency services first. See urgent help.
Overview
What this area covers
Longevity research asks two questions: can people live longer, and can they stay healthy for more of those years? The World Health Organization describes biological aging as the build-up of many kinds of molecular and cellular damage over time, with changes that are only loosely tied to age in years. [1] Scientists group the processes involved into "hallmarks of aging," including mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence and altered nutrient sensing. [2]This area explains that research in plain language. It is education only. It does not give amounts, recommend products, or suggest starting or stopping a medicine. Please talk with your own clinician about your health.
How the guides are organized
- Healthy aging: healthspan and lifespan defines the terms, and nutrition, exercise, sleep and prevention covers the habits with the most research behind them. The National Institute on Aging says exercise, a healthy diet, regular doctor visits and mental health care are within a person's reach. [3]
- Longevity compounds: NAD+, NMN and nicotinamide riboside and spermidine, resveratrol and CoQ10.
- Cellular science: mitochondria and oxidative stress and senescence, senolytics and autophagy.
- Longevity testing: biomarkers and biological age tests and wearables and sleep tracking.
- Research and limits: what human evidence exists, experimental compounds, and research limitations and safety.
How we label evidence
Every claim is labeled with how strong the evidence is: approved medicine (name the regulator and use), established, promising but limited, mixed, insufficient evidence, preclinical (cells or animals only), no good evidence of benefit, evidence of harm, and marketing claim. Where we looked and found nothing usable, we write "Proper evidence not found." Most longevity compound research is still in cells and animals or in small human trials. A review of NAD+ boosting, for example, found clear biological activity but inconclusive clinical benefit for anti-aging. [4] A 2026 review of senolytic treatments called them investigational. [5] For the site-wide method, see how we label evidence.Safety and legal pointers
In the US, supplement firms are responsible for evaluating safety and labeling before marketing, and the FDA can act after products reach the market. [6] Rules differ by country and change over time; this site's pages are not legal advice. See safety and legal basics for Specialty Topics, how supplements are regulated and the Wellness guide to healthy aging.Explore Longevity & Healthy Aging
Longevity Basics(10)What aging, lifespan, healthspan and "biological age" mean, and how aging research is done.
- Healthspan and Lifespan: What the Research Measures
What healthspan and lifespan mean, how researchers measure the gap between them, and what human trials of aging can and cannot measure. Education only, not medical advic…
- What Is Aging? Biology in Plain Language
A plain-language overview of what aging is in biology, what the main explanations say, where scientists disagree, and why age in years is only a loose guide to health.
- Lifespan vs Healthspan vs Maximum Lifespan
Clear definitions of life expectancy, lifespan, healthspan and maximum lifespan, with what the research says about a possible limit to human lifespan and the debate over…
- The Hallmarks of Aging: A Framework, Not a Treatment Map
What the hallmarks of aging framework lists, how it grew from nine to twelve, what its criteria mean, and why a list of hallmarks is not a map of treatments.
- Biological Age vs Chronological Age
What chronological and biological age mean, the main kinds of biological age estimates, and why no estimate has yet been shown to guide care for one person.
- Aging in Mice, Worms and Humans: What Transfers
Why lifespan results in worms and mice often do not carry over to people, with worked examples from rapamycin, calorie restriction in monkeys, and a review of 54 tested …
- Genetics and Longevity: What Heritability Studies Show
What twin and family studies say about how much of human lifespan is inherited, with the APOE and FOXO3 findings, and why a longevity gene is not a personal prediction.
- Centenarians and Blue Zones: Evidence and Caveats
What validated studies of Sardinia and Okinawa show about very old people, what a critical preprint says about age-record errors, and why Blue Zone lifestyle claims are …
- Inflammaging: Chronic Inflammation and Aging
What inflammaging means, what blood inflammation markers do and do not show, and what the CANTOS and CIRT trials teach about lowering inflammation as a way to improve he…
- How We Label Evidence in Longevity Research
The plain-language evidence labels used across the Longevity and Healthy Aging library, how to tell animal, biomarker and human outcome findings apart, and how to read a…
Healthy Aging Foundations(16)The lifestyle factors with the strongest evidence for healthspan, with practical guidance kept in Wellness Goals.
- Nutrition, Exercise, Sleep and Prevention in Healthy Aging Research
An overview of what large studies and trials show about eating patterns, activity, sleep and prevention in healthy aging, with the limits of observational research and b…
- Physical Activity and Longevity: What Cohort and Trial Evidence Shows
What large cohort meta-analyses and randomized trials show about physical activity, steps and risk of death in adults, and why those results show association more than p…
- Strength Training, Muscle and Aging
What sarcopenia means, what reviews of resistance exercise show for muscle in older adults, and how muscle-strengthening links to risk of death in cohort studies, with l…
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness and VO2 Max in Aging Research
What cohort studies and a scientific statement show about cardiorespiratory fitness and VO2 max as predictors of death, and why a strong predictor is not the same as a p…
- Dietary Patterns and Healthy Aging: Mediterranean and Others
What trials and cohort reviews show about the Mediterranean diet, MIND diet and other dietary patterns in older adults, separating heart and brain outcomes from claims a…
- Protein Intake and Aging: What the Research Says
What an expert position paper, cohort meta-analyses and trials show about protein intake and protein supplements in older adults, with the limits and the kidney caution.
- Calorie Restriction and Aging Research
What animal studies, the two monkey trials and the CALERIE human trial show about calorie restriction and aging, including what is unknown about lifespan and the safety …
- Intermittent Fasting, Time-Restricted Eating and Aging
What human trials and reviews show about intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating and the fasting-mimicking diet, and why lifespan benefits in people remain unproven.
- Sleep Duration, Quality and Healthy Aging
What large cohort studies and reviews show about sleep duration, sleep quality, mortality and dementia risk, and why these links are associations, not proof that changin…
- Stress, Loneliness and Social Connection in Aging
What meta-analyses show about loneliness, social isolation, stress and risks of early death, dementia and faster biological aging, and what is known about reducing them.
- Smoking, Alcohol and Healthy Aging
What large cohort studies, global estimates and WHO say about how smoking and alcohol relate to life expectancy and healthy aging, including quitting benefits and the di…
- Cognitive Health and Brain Aging: Evidence for Prevention
What the evidence shows about preventing cognitive decline and dementia, from the Lancet Commission risk-factor list to lifestyle, blood pressure, hearing and cognitive-…
- Bone Health, Osteoporosis and Aging
What osteoporosis is, who is screened, and what trials show for exercise, vitamin D and calcium on bone and fractures, with plain labels for how strong each finding is.
- Preventive Care, Vaccines and Screening in Older Adults
Which vaccines and screening tests major health bodies recommend for older adults, what trials show for flu and shingles vaccines, and how to read official guidance that…
- Menopause, Midlife Hormone Changes and Healthy Aging
A plain overview of menopause and the gradual drop in testosterone in men, what major trials and regulators say about hormone treatment, and why hormones are not an appr…
- Frailty and Falls Prevention Research
How frailty is defined and measured, and what Cochrane reviews and trials show for exercise, multifactorial programs and vitamin D in preventing falls and improving func…
Longevity Compounds(19)NAD+ precursors, polyphenols, nutrients and other compounds, each labeled by strength of evidence.
- NAD+, NMN and Nicotinamide Riboside: What Research Shows
A plain overview of NAD+, NMN and nicotinamide riboside: what the human trials found, where animal findings stop, the US FDA position on NMN, and safety questions.
- Spermidine, Resveratrol and CoQ10 in Longevity Research
An overview of what animal and human research shows about spermidine, resveratrol and CoQ10 in aging, with evidence labels, a Swedish selenium-CoQ10 trial and safety not…
- NAD+ Biology and Its Decline With Age
What NAD+ does in the body, how levels change with age in different tissues, why that is not yet a reason to supplement, and what is still unknown.
- NMN: Human Trial Evidence and Regulatory Status
What randomized trials of NMN in people have found, how the FDA changed its position on NMN as a dietary supplement in 2025, and the limits and safety questions that rem…
- Nicotinamide Riboside: Human Trial Evidence
What human trials of nicotinamide riboside (NR) found in healthy adults, older adults and people with specific conditions, including a large Parkinson disease trial, plu…
- NMN vs Nicotinamide Riboside: Comparing the Evidence
NMN and nicotinamide riboside both raise NAD+ markers in human trials, but evidence for health benefits is thin and mixed for both. A plain comparison with no winner.
- Resveratrol and Longevity: What Research Shows
Resveratrol extended life in some early lab models, but a major mouse program found no lifespan effect and human trials give small, mixed results. What the research show…
- Spermidine and Aging Research
Spermidine is a natural polyamine linked to longer life in mice and lower mortality in one cohort, but the one larger randomized trial on memory found no benefit. Eviden…
- CoQ10 and Ubiquinol in Aging Research
CoQ10 and its ubiquinol form in aging research: a selenium plus CoQ10 trial in older Swedes, heart failure trials, statin muscle pain results, and what is not shown.
- Quercetin, Fisetin and Senolytic Supplements: Evidence So Far
Quercetin and fisetin are plant flavonoids studied as senolytics. Human data are tiny pilots of a quercetin plus dasatinib drug combination, and no fisetin results yet. …
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate in Longevity Research
Alpha-ketoglutarate extended lifespan in worms and mice, but no controlled human trial shows it slows aging. A plain guide to the animal data, the Rejuvant reports and t…
- Urolithin A and Mitochondrial Health Research
Urolithin A is a gut-bacteria byproduct of pomegranate and berry compounds. Four randomized trials show muscle and immune signals, with company funding. What they show a…
- Taurine and Aging Research
A 2023 Science paper proposed that falling taurine drives aging. A 2025 human study did not find the decline. What the animal work, the critiques and the human trials ac…
- Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Aging Research
GlyNAC pairs glycine with N-acetylcysteine to raise glutathione. Small trials in older adults report biomarker gains, and a larger one did not meet its main goal. Eviden…
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Healthy Aging Evidence
What large trials and reviews show for omega-3 supplements in older adults: heart outcomes, cognition, telomeres and biological-age clocks, with the DO-HEALTH and VITAL …
- Vitamin D and Healthy Aging: Trial Evidence
What large randomized trials of vitamin D show for cancer, heart disease, fractures and death in older adults, and why the answer differs for people who are low in vitam…
- Multivitamins and Longevity: What the Trials Show
What randomized trials and large cohort studies show about daily multivitamins, cancer, heart disease, memory and death in older adults, and what remains unproven.
- Longevity Supplement Blends and Product Claims
How to read "longevity" supplement blends and label claims: what US rules require, what trials of whole products exist, and the questions that separate evidence from mar…
- Antioxidant Supplements and Aging: Why Trials Disappointed
Why the free radical idea of aging did not translate into benefit from antioxidant pills, with Cochrane and JAMA meta-analyses, the SELECT trial and USPSTF advice.
Medicines & Hormones in Aging Research(9)Prescription medicines and hormones studied for aging, with trial evidence and safety, never as use guidance.
- Metformin and Aging Research: Observational Data and the TAME Trial
What observational studies, small randomized trials and the planned TAME trial show about metformin and aging, with the US label's approved use and safety warnings.
- Rapamycin and mTOR Inhibitors in Aging Research
Mouse lifespan results, small human trials and the transplant-drug labels for rapamycin (sirolimus) and related mTOR inhibitors, with the immune and safety limits explai…
- GLP-1 Medicines and Healthy Aging Research
What large trials of semaglutide show for heart outcomes, heart failure symptoms and Alzheimer's disease, why that is not a lifespan result, and the label warnings relev…
- Testosterone Therapy and Aging: Trial Evidence and Risks
What the TRAVERSE and Testosterone Trials found for older men with low testosterone on heart safety, sex, bone, memory and prostate outcomes, plus the US label limits an…
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Aging: What the Trials Show
What the Women's Health Initiative, ELITE and later analyses show about menopausal hormone therapy, heart disease, dementia and mortality, and how the US labels changed …
- Growth Hormone and IGF-1 in Aging Research
What small trials, a systematic review, FDA label and import alert say about growth hormone and IGF-1 in healthy older adults, and why animal and genetic findings do not…
- Senolytic Drugs: Dasatinib-Quercetin and Early Human Trials
What small human trials of dasatinib plus quercetin have and have not shown, including a negative bone trial, the cancer-drug label, and why senolytics remain experiment…
- Plasma Exchange, "Young Blood" and Parabiosis Claims
Where "young blood" and plasma exchange claims come from, what mouse parabiosis, small human trials and FDA warnings actually show, and why paid infusions are not proven…
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Clinics Marketed for Aging
What FDA says about stem cell and exosome products marketed for aging, what early frailty trials of stem cells showed, and the questions that help you read clinic claims.
Cellular Science(13)Mitochondria, senescence, autophagy, nutrient-sensing pathways and the biology of aging, kept apart from product claims.
- Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress in Aging
How researchers think mitochondria and oxidative stress relate to aging, why antioxidant pills have not been shown to help people live longer, and what animal-only findi…
- Cellular Senescence, Senolytics and Autophagy
An overview of cellular senescence, senolytics, autophagy and nutrient-sensing pathways in aging research, with what human trials show and links to each topic in detail.
- Cellular Senescence Explained
What senescent or "zombie" cells are, why they are not simply bad, and what mouse studies and small human trials of senolytic treatments do and do not show.
- Autophagy Explained: What It Is and What Is Known in Humans
What autophagy is, why it won a Nobel Prize, why it is hard to measure in people, and what human studies of fasting and diet do and do not show about it.
- mTOR, AMPK and Nutrient-Sensing Pathways in Aging
How mTOR, AMPK and growth-hormone/IGF-1 signaling connect food and energy to aging in animals, and what human trials of calorie restriction and mTOR-blocking drugs show.
- Sirtuins and NAD-Dependent Signaling
What sirtuins are, why the idea that they control lifespan became controversial, and what human trials of NAD+ precursors and sirtuin-activating drugs have and have not …
- Telomeres and Aging: What Telomere Length Can and Cannot Tell You
What telomeres are, how telomere length relates to aging and disease risk in large studies, why a single telomere test cannot forecast your health, and what telomere-len…
- Epigenetic Clocks and DNA Methylation in Aging
How epigenetic clocks estimate age from DNA methylation, which clocks exist, how reliable they are, and what trials show when diet or calorie intake is changed.
- The Gut Microbiome and Aging
What studies show about gut bacteria in older adults and centenarians, what diet and probiotic trials found, and why cause and effect are still unclear.
- Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Aging
What insulin resistance is, how it relates to aging, what mouse studies of lower insulin show, and what the Diabetes Prevention Program found in people at high risk.
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses
What oxidative stress is, how the body defends itself, and why large trials of antioxidant supplements did not show benefits for living longer or preventing disease.
- Immune Aging: Immunosenescence
What immunosenescence is, how thymus shrinkage and slower immune responses relate to infections and vaccines in older adults, and what high-dose flu vaccine trials show.
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy
What mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy mean in aging biology, what exercise and urolithin A trials in older adults found, and why biomarker changes are not health …
Longevity Testing(21)Biomarkers, biological age tests, imaging, genetics and wearables, and what each can and cannot tell you.
- Biomarkers and Biological Age Tests: What They Can and Cannot Tell You
What biomarkers and "biological age" tests measure, how validation works, and why researchers say clinical usefulness is still unproven, with links to the detailed test …
- Wearables and Sleep Tracking: Accuracy and Limits
How accurate wrist and ring wearables are for sleep and heart rate variability, what systematic reviews found, and why no review shows they predict lifespan.
- Standard Blood Tests and Healthy Aging: Lipids, Glucose and More
What routine blood tests such as cholesterol, A1C, metabolic panel and blood count measure in adults, what guidelines say about timing, and what general check-ups have a…
- ApoB, Lp(a) and Advanced Lipid Testing
What apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) tests measure, what the 2026 US guideline and European consensus say about them, and why a high Lp(a) result has no proven treat…
- hs-CRP and Inflammation Markers: What They Mean
What hs-CRP measures, what studies show about it and heart risk, why genetics suggest it may not be a cause, and why a single inflammation number cannot guide personal h…
- Biological Age Clocks Compared: Phenotypic Age, GrimAge and DunedinPACE
A plain comparison of the PhenoAge, GrimAge and DunedinPACE epigenetic clocks: how each was built, what each predicts in studies, how reliable they are, and why none is …
- Direct-to-Consumer Epigenetic Age Tests: Accuracy and Limits
What direct-to-consumer epigenetic age tests can and cannot show, based on reliability studies, sample-type differences, the FDA's description of consumer tests and expe…
- Telomere Length Tests: Validity and Limits
What telomere length tests measure, how much results differ between laboratories and methods, and what studies do and do not show about telomere length and mortality.
- Functional Measures: Grip Strength, Gait Speed and Chair Stands
What large studies show about grip strength, walking speed and sit-to-stand tests as predictors of survival and disability in adults, and why they are markers, not treat…
- VO2 Max Testing and Wearable Estimates
How VO2 max is measured in a lab, how well smartwatch and app estimates match it, and what large studies show about fitness and survival, without treating the number as …
- DEXA Scans, Body Composition and Bone Density
What a DEXA scan measures, what the US Preventive Services Task Force says about bone density screening, and the limits of using DEXA body composition numbers for tracki…
- Coronary Calcium Scoring and Cardiovascular Imaging
What a coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan measures, where guidelines place it in heart disease risk assessment, and the limits, harms and uncertainties for healthy adult…
- Full-Body MRI and Screening in Healthy People: Benefits and Harms
What radiology societies say about whole-body MRI screening in people without symptoms, what detection studies found, and the harms of incidental findings and follow-up …
- Cancer Screening and Multi-Cancer Early Detection Tests
Which cancer screening tests have US task force recommendations, and what the first large randomized trial and performance studies show about blood-based multi-cancer ea…
- Genetic Testing and Polygenic Risk Scores for Longevity
What genetic tests and polygenic risk scores can and cannot say about aging and disease risk, including APOE, accuracy across ancestries, privacy law and what regulators…
- Continuous Glucose Monitors in People Without Diabetes
What continuous glucose monitors measure in people without diabetes, what regulators say, how accurate they are, and what trials show about using them for diet and longe…
- Sleep Trackers and Sleep Testing: What They Measure
What sleep trackers and clinical sleep studies actually measure, what validation studies found, why the American Academy of Sleep Medicine says trackers cannot diagnose,…
- Hormone and Nutrient Testing in Aging: When Tests Help
When hormone and nutrient blood tests are supported by guidelines and when they are not, covering testosterone, menopause hormones, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and thyroid, w…
- Home Lab Testing and Longevity Clinic Panels
What research and regulators say about direct-to-consumer lab tests and longevity clinic blood panels, including validity, false positives, overtesting, cost and what ge…
- Interpreting Test Results Without Overinterpreting
How reference ranges work, why normal and optimal are not the same claim, how labs, units, preparation and false results affect numbers, and why a single result is rarel…
- Cognitive Testing and Brain Health Screening
What memory and thinking tests can and cannot show, what the US task force says about screening older adults, how accurate common tests are, and where Alzheimer's blood …
Research & Limits(16)Human evidence, animal lifespan studies, trials, clinics, regulation and where the evidence stops.
- Longevity and Healthy Aging: What the Evidence Supports
- Longevity Interventions: What Human Evidence Exists
A map of what human trials and large cohort studies show for exercise, calorie restriction, supplements and experimental drugs in healthy aging, with an evidence label f…
- Experimental Longevity Compounds: Rapamycin, Metformin and Others
An overview of rapamycin, metformin, senolytics and other medicines studied in aging research, what trials and drug information show, and where to read the detailed page…
- Longevity Research Limitations and Safety
Why mouse results, biomarker changes and clinic marketing do not prove longer healthy life in people, plus the safety questions to ask before trying any longevity produc…
- The Interventions Testing Program and Mouse Lifespan Studies
How the National Institute on Aging mouse program tests longevity candidates, which agents raised or did not raise lifespan, why results differ by sex, and why this is n…
- Aging Clinical Trials: TAME and Other Human Studies
What the TAME metformin trial plans to test and why it matters, plus a registry-based look at other human aging trials such as PEARL, CALERIE, MILES, ASPREE and DO-HEALT…
- Surrogate Endpoints and Aging Biomarkers in Trials
Why a change in an aging biomarker is not the same as living longer or healthier, how regulators treat surrogate endpoints, and why aging is not an approved indication.
- Is Aging a Disease? Regulation and Aging as an Indication
What the WHO disease classification says about old age, what drug labels list as indications, and why researchers debate whether aging could become a treatable indicatio…
- Longevity Clinics: What They Offer and What Evidence Supports It
What longevity clinics typically offer, which services regulators have warned about, and how to weigh a clinic's claims against the evidence, without naming any clinic.
- Anti-Aging Products: Regulation, Warning Letters and Alerts
How the FDA treats supplements, skin products, injections and research peptides sold for aging, with examples of warnings, and what labels and claims can and cannot lega…
- Off-Label Prescribing for Longevity: What It Means
What off-label prescribing means, what FDA and medical ethics guidance say, and what is known about metformin and rapamycin for longevity, with no dosing or use advice.
- Reading Longevity Studies: Cohort, Trial and Mouse Findings
How to read longevity headlines: what cohort studies, randomized trials and mouse lifespan studies can and cannot show, with real examples from aging research.
- Longevity Experiments and Safety: Who Is at Higher Risk
Who faces higher risks from longevity supplements and experimental anti-aging approaches, from older adults and medicine users to pregnancy, surgery and liver concerns, …
- Longevity Compounds and Medication Interactions
What regulators, NCCIH and published reviews say about interactions between common longevity compounds and medicines, substance by substance, and how strong each piece o…
- Older Adults, Polypharmacy and Supplements
How common it is for older adults to combine several medicines with supplements, what surveys and the Beers Criteria show about risk, and what the trials say about longe…
- Emerging Longevity Research: Reprogramming, Gene and Cell Therapies
Where partial reprogramming, telomerase gene therapy and stem cell approaches stand for aging, from mouse studies to the first early human trial, and what regulators say…
Comparisons & Claim Checks(14)Side-by-side comparisons and checks of widely repeated longevity claims.
- Chronological Age vs Biological Age Claims
A claim check on "biological age" results: what epigenetic clocks and similar tests were built to do, what studies show, and where the evidence stops for one person.
- Supplements vs Lifestyle for Longevity: Where the Evidence Is Strongest
Compares the kinds of evidence behind lifestyle habits and longevity supplements, showing which questions each study type can and cannot answer, with no single winner.
- Metformin vs Rapamycin in Aging Research
Compares what mouse studies, human observational data, early human trials and prescribing labels show for metformin and rapamycin in aging research, without use guidance.
- Resveratrol vs NMN vs Spermidine: Comparing the Evidence
A side-by-side evidence table for resveratrol, NMN and spermidine covering mouse lifespan, human trials, observational data and limits, with no ranking of the three.
- Fasting vs Calorie Restriction vs Time-Restricted Eating
Compares calorie restriction, intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating by what human trials measured, what animal studies showed, and where evidence on aging stop…
- Exercise Types Compared for Healthy Aging Evidence
Compares aerobic activity, muscle strengthening, high-intensity intervals and balance training by what cohort studies and trials show for aging outcomes, with no exercis…
- Claim Check: "This Supplement Reverses Aging"
Checks the claim that a supplement reverses aging: what the claim says, what mouse, clock and human trial evidence exists, and where it stops.
- Claim Check: "NAD+ Boosters Restore Youthful Energy"
A plain-language check of the claim that NAD+ boosters such as NMN and nicotinamide riboside restore youthful energy: what human trials measured, and where the evidence …
- Claim Check: "Biological Age Tests Predict How Long You Will Live"
A plain-language check of the claim that a biological age test can predict how long you will live: what group studies show, and what they do not show about one person.
- Claim Check: "Blue Zone Diets Explain Long Lives"
A plain-language check of the claim that Blue Zone diets explain long lives: how the regions are defined, the dispute over age records, and why diet cannot be separated …
- Claim Check: "Fasting Triggers Autophagy and Extends Life"
A plain-language check of the claim that fasting triggers autophagy and extends life: what animal studies show, what human studies can measure, and what remains untested.
- Claim Check: "Longevity Doctors Know Better Than Standard Guidelines"
A plain-language check of the claim that longevity doctors know better than standard guidelines: what guidelines are, what longevity clinics add, and where evidence supp…
- Claim Check: "Natural Longevity Compounds Are Safe"
A plain-language check of the claim that natural longevity compounds are safe: why natural does not mean safe, trial examples of harm, and what short-term safety data do…
- Claim Check: "It Extended Lifespan in Mice, So It Works"
A plain-language check of the claim that a lifespan gain in mice proves a compound works: how mouse results hold up in repeat tests and in people, with rapamycin, metfor…
Research Library & Glossary(3)Study types, how to find records and a plain-language glossary.
- The Longevity Research Evidence Landscape
A plain map of the kinds of studies behind longevity claims, from cells and mice to large trials, what each can and cannot show, and how evidence labels work on this sit…
- How to Find Longevity Studies and Trial Records
A step-by-step routine for finding aging and longevity studies on PubMed, checking trial records in registries, and spotting preprints, retractions and conflicts of inte…
- Longevity and Aging Research Glossary
Plain-language definitions of common aging and longevity research terms, from biological age and senescence to surrogate endpoints, preprints and off-label use, with lin…
Related comparisons
Related Wellness Goals
Research connections
Our pages cite the studies and official sources behind each statement. For the underlying records, see the evidence page for this goal and the Research Library.
Specialty Topics Research and Evidence: How Much Research Exists and How to Read It Research Library Wellness Goals
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between lifespan and healthspan?
Lifespan is years lived; healthspan is years lived in good health. Researchers usually estimate the second with measures such as healthy life expectancy. See healthspan and lifespan. [7]
Is there a proven anti-aging supplement?
Not in the sources we reviewed. A systematic review of NAD+ boosting found its clinical effectiveness for anti-aging remains inconclusive. [4]
Are longevity treatments approved medicines?
Senolytic and similar approaches are considered investigational rather than established therapies. [5]
What does the best evidence say about healthy aging?
The strongest everyday evidence points to physical activity, a healthy eating pattern, enough sleep and regular health care. [3]
Are supplements checked by the FDA before sale?
In the US, supplement makers are responsible for evaluating safety and labeling before marketing, and the FDA can act after a product reaches the market. [6]
Can longevity tests tell me how long I will live?
Be cautious. See biomarkers and biological age tests for what such tests can and cannot show, and talk with a clinician about any result.
References
- World Health Organization. Ageing and health (fact sheet, 1 October 2025). Ageing and health. Read 2026-10-22.
- Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell 2023. Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Read 2026-10-22.
- National Institute on Aging, NIH. What Do We Know About Healthy Aging? Read 2026-10-22.
- NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Ageing research reviews 2026. NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Read 2026-10-22.
- Therapeutic reversal of cellular senescence: A systematic review of senolytics, senomorphics and anti-ageing therapies in human clinical trials. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2026. Therapeutic reversal of cellular senescence: A systematic review of senolytics, senomorphics and anti-ageing therapies in human clinical trials. Read 2026-10-22.
- US Food and Drug Administration. Dietary Supplements. Read 2026-10-22.
- World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory. Healthy life expectancy (HALE) indicator definition. Healthy life expectancy (HALE). Read 2026-10-22.
Content last updated . This section has not been medically reviewed.
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