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Pistachios

Pistachios as a functional food: meta-analyses of cardiometabolic markers and blood sugar in people at risk of heart disease, with limits.

Content last updated . This page has not been medically reviewed.

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Overview

Pistachios are tree nuts commonly eaten shelled or in-shell.

What the research shows

  • A meta-analysis of randomized trials found pistachio consumption reduced fasting blood sugar, the TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios, HbA1c, insulin and systolic blood pressure (by 3.10 mmHg), with high heterogeneity; it did not worsen BMI or blood pressure. [1]
  • A meta-analysis of 8 trials in people at high cardiovascular risk found pistachios, swapped isocalorically for other foods, lowered fasting blood sugar by 5.32 mg/dl and insulin by 1.86 µIU/ml; HOMA-IR did not change. [2]

Not shown: results are for markers in specific groups; the authors note unclear effects of different amounts. [1]

Safety and individual considerations

  • Tree nut allergy: can be severe.
  • Salted and flavored pistachios add sodium; check the label. [3]

Related

Walnuts · Almonds

Frequently asked questions

Are pistachios good for blood sugar?

A meta-analysis in people at high cardiovascular risk found lower fasting blood sugar and insulin when pistachios replaced other foods. [2]

References

  1. Ghanavati M et al. Pistachios and cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2020. PMID 32951758.
  2. Hadi A et al. Effects of pistachios on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2023. PMID 35795961.
  3. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025. Check the site for the current edition.
Education, not medical advice. This page is for general information. It does not diagnose or treat any condition and is not a substitute for care from a qualified health professional. Natural does not automatically mean safe. Ask a clinician or pharmacist before changing your care, especially if you take medication, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or have a health condition.