Black Trumpet
Black trumpet (horn of plenty, trompette de la mort) is a wild culinary mushroom; here is its nutrition, the lab-only research on its polysaccharides, one bowel-blockage case report, and why wild mushrooms must never be identified from text.
Content last updated . This page has not been medically reviewed.
Safety first. Supplements can cause side effects and interact with medicines. Read mushroom safety and interactions before you use any mushroom product.
Documented analytical data
Each group below is one study's measurement of the stated specimen or preparation. It is not a typical value for the species or product, varies between specimens, and says nothing about effects or safety. 26 values from 5 sources.
Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articl... (6 values)
Source: Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12691917/. Open access. Laboratory: authors' laboratory, Romania. Method: varies by row (see source). Date: Aug 2022.
| Specimen or preparation | Analyte | Value | What it is | Sample size and scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Cluj, Aug 2022 (CE1) | Ash | 9.55 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Cluj, Aug 2022 (CE1) | Carbohydrate (by difference) | 29.71 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Cluj, Aug 2022 (CE1) | Crude protein | 46.97 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Cluj, Aug 2022 (CE1) | Energy | 337.86 kcal per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Cluj, Aug 2022 (CE1) | Total fat | 3.46 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Cluj, Aug 2022 (CE1) | Total phenolics | 23.21 mg gallic-acid equivalents per g (dry weight, extract of fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articl... (6 values)
Source: Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12691917/. Open access. Laboratory: authors' laboratory, Romania. Method: varies by row (see source). Date: Aug 2022.
| Specimen or preparation | Analyte | Value | What it is | Sample size and scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Sălaj, Aug 2022 (CE2) | Ash | 10.4 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Sălaj, Aug 2022 (CE2) | Carbohydrate (by difference) | 26.42 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Sălaj, Aug 2022 (CE2) | Crude protein | 46.71 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Sălaj, Aug 2022 (CE2) | Energy | 327.98 kcal per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Sălaj, Aug 2022 (CE2) | Total fat | 3.94 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Sălaj, Aug 2022 (CE2) | Total phenolics | 23.01 mg gallic-acid equivalents per g (dry weight, extract of fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articl... (6 values)
Source: Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12691917/. Open access. Laboratory: authors' laboratory, Romania. Method: varies by row (see source). Date: Aug 2022.
| Specimen or preparation | Analyte | Value | What it is | Sample size and scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2022 (CE3) | Ash | 9.87 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2022 (CE3) | Carbohydrate (by difference) | 28.04 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2022 (CE3) | Crude protein | 47.32 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2022 (CE3) | Energy | 338.7 kcal per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2022 (CE3) | Total fat | 4.14 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2022 (CE3) | Total phenolics | 28.74 mg gallic-acid equivalents per g (dry weight, extract of fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articl... (6 values)
Source: Bumbu et al. Foods 2025 (Romanian Craterellus cornucopioides samples), Table 1-2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12691917/. Open access. Laboratory: authors' laboratory, Romania. Method: varies by row (see source). Date: Aug 2023.
| Specimen or preparation | Analyte | Value | What it is | Sample size and scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2023 (CE4) | Ash | 9.15 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2023 (CE4) | Carbohydrate (by difference) | 29.16 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2023 (CE4) | Crude protein | 46.21 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2023 (CE4) | Energy | 324.7 kcal per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2023 (CE4) | Total fat | 2.58 g per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | mean (calculated) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
| Wild black trumpet fruiting body, Suceava, Aug 2023 (CE4) | Total phenolics | 26.64 mg gallic-acid equivalents per g (dry weight, extract of fruiting body) | mean (reported) | 3 replicates. one collection, one site |
Watanabe F et al. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2012;58(6):438-441. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23419403/. Abstract read;... (2 values)
Source: Watanabe F et al. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2012;58(6):438-441. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23419403/. Abstract read; the abstract gives a range only. Laboratory: Watanabe et al.. Method: Lactobacillus delbrueckii bioassay; identity confirmed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Date: 2012.
| Specimen or preparation | Analyte | Value | What it is | Sample size and scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild black trumpet from European sources (four regions per Adamska 2024) | Vitamin B12 (maximum of range) | 2.65 ug per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | range maximum (reported) | not given in abstract. range across samples in the study |
| Wild black trumpet from European sources (four regions per Adamska 2024) | Vitamin B12 (minimum of range) | 1.09 ug per 100 g (dry weight, fruiting body) | range minimum (reported) | not given in abstract. range across samples in the study |
What is Black trumpet good for?
What the body uses it for, and how strong the evidence is. A normal job in the body is not proof that extra supplements add benefit; each card says which.
As a food (nutrition)
Preliminary or mixedEaten as a wild culinary mushroom, fresh or dried. Reported composition varies a lot between studies: protein roughly 12 to 69% of dry weight, ash 10 to 17%, and low fat. This applies to eating the mushroom, not to supplements.
Supplements: Not a supplement; no supplement trials found. Food role only.
Vitamin B12 content
Preliminary or mixedOne study measured 1.09 to 2.65 micrograms of vitamin B12 per 100 g dry weight and identified it as true B12 by mass spectrometry; most other wild mushrooms in that study had almost none.
Supplements: No evidence on whether eating it changes B12 status.
Beta-glucan and other fibre
Lab or animal research onlyReviews report beta-glucan in the fruiting body (one quoted figure 15 g per 100 g dry weight, from a secondary source). Cooking methods lowered measured glucans in one quoted study.
Supplements: Lab and animal findings only; no human trial.
Immune-cell effects of its polysaccharides
Lab or animal research onlyA purified polysaccharide (CCP2) raised immune markers in cell tests and in mice given an immune-suppressing drug. The fraction is rich in mannose and galactose, so it is not a classic beta-glucan.
Supplements: Mouse and cell work with a purified extract; no human trial found.
Antioxidant activity in the test tube
Lab or animal research onlyExtracts and phenolic acids (gentisic, protocatechuic and others) score in chemical antioxidant tests.
Supplements: Chemical assays only; whether eating it changes antioxidant status in people is unknown.
Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial lab findings
Lab or animal research onlyExtracts reduced inflammation markers in cells and slowed some bacteria and fungi in dishes.
Supplements: Cells and dishes only.
Human evidence
Not enough evidenceWe found no controlled human trial of black trumpet. The only human mention in a review is a Tanzanian mixed-mushroom powder, cited second-hand.
Supplements: Proper evidence not found.
Connected topics
Open a group to see how each topic connects and how strong the evidence is.
Body systems (2)
- Digestive SystemDocumented risk
Tough, chitin-rich fruiting body linked in one case report to a bowel blockage; cook well and eat in food amounts.
- Immune SystemLab or animal research only
Lab and mouse findings only; no human trial.
Body parts (2)
- Immune SystemLab or animal research only
Immune effects of a polysaccharide in cells and mice only.
- Small IntestineDocumented risk
One case report of small-bowel blockage after eating foraged black trumpet in a transplant patient with other risk factors.
Functional actions (3)
- Anti-InflammatoryLab or animal research only
Extracts lowered inflammation markers in cell tests; no human data.
- AntioxidantLab or animal research only
Antioxidant scores in chemical tests only; not shown in people.
- Immune ModulationLab or animal research only
A purified polysaccharide raised immune markers in cells and in mice; no human data.
Documented risks and interactions (4)
- Small-bowel blockage after a large meal (case report). One case report describes a liver-transplant patient on immune-suppressing drugs who had a small-bowel blockage about a day after eating foraged mushrooms identified as black trumpet; undigested mushroom was removed surgically. Authors link the chitin-rich tough structure to blockage.
- Heavy metals and radioactivity in wild fruiting bodies. Wild mushrooms can accumulate metals. A review says toxic metals in this species still need investigation. No open measured value for this species was found.
- Cooking requirement. Reviews say the raw fruiting body should be heat-treated before eating; cooking darkens it.
- Wild-harvest identification. Wild mushrooms cannot be identified safely from text or an app. We found no authoritative (non-vendor) source on look-alikes, so none are listed. Call Poison Help (1-800-222-1222, US) if unsure what was eaten.
The short version. Black trumpet is a dark, thin-fleshed wild mushroom prized in the kitchen, fresh or dried. It is a food, not a proven remedy. All the health findings we found are from test tubes, cells and mice; we found no controlled human trial. [1][2][4]
Two separate questions. Eating it as food is one question (nutrition, cooking, allergy, safety). Taking a concentrated extract as a supplement is another, and we know of no consumer supplement with research behind it.
What it is
Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers. grows with oak, beech and conifer trees in forests across the world and has been reported from Europe, Asia and the Americas. Reviews call it horn of plenty, black chanterelle and "trumpet of the dead"; the French name is trompette de la mort. [1][2] Cultivation is not developed, so everything sold is wild-picked. [2] In eastern North America, a close relative, Craterellus fallax, was separated from C. cornucopioides by DNA work, and the authors describe three distinct species in the complex. [8] Almost all the research below used European or Chinese C. cornucopioides, so it may not apply to C. fallax.Do not identify wild fungi from text or an app. We found no authoritative (non-commercial) source listing look-alikes, so we list none. Hobby and vendor sites make confident claims; we did not accept them as evidence. If anyone has eaten a wild mushroom and you are unsure what it was, call Poison Help at 1-800-222-1222 (US) and do not wait for symptoms. See mushroom poisoning and urgent help and cooking edible mushrooms safely.
As a food
- Cooking. A review says the raw fruiting body should be heat-treated before eating; cooking darkens it, and in the studies it lowered measured glucans and some antioxidant activity. [2][1] Dried, it is rehydrated or ground into a seasoning powder (nicknamed "truffle of modest means"). [1][2]
- Nutrition. Reported values swing widely between studies and methods: protein 11.8 to 69.4% of dry weight, fat 4.9 to 6.9% in most studies, ash 10 to 17%. [2] Four wild Romanian collections measured about 46 to 47 g protein and 2.6 to 4.1 g fat per 100 g dry weight (see the lab section). [3] USDA FoodData Central has no entry for this mushroom, so there is no official nutrient table.
- Vitamin B12. Unusually for a mushroom, one study found 1.09 to 2.65 micrograms of B12 per 100 g dry weight and showed it was true B12 by mass spectrometry; porcini, oyster and black morel had almost none. [5] The amount is small and no study shows it helps anyone's B12 status.
- Vitamin D. One review quotes a vitamin D3 figure from a single paper but notes other publications do not support it, so we do not use it. [2] Proper evidence not found for a reliable vitamin D value.
- Traditional medicinal use. The reviews describe culinary use; they do not describe a traditional medicine role, and we claim none. [1]
What research shows
| Question | What the source found | Strength of evidence | Form studied |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immune effects | A purified polysaccharide called CCP2 raised immune markers in mouse macrophage cells, and in mice given an immune-suppressing drug (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg a day by tube for 17 days; the paper's group size is stated inconsistently as 10 or 6). [4] It was mostly mannose, galactose, xylose and glucose, and was not shown to be a beta-glucan. [4] | Animal and cell only | Purified hot-water extract fraction, wild fruiting bodies from Yunnan, China |
| Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial | Extracts scored in chemical antioxidant tests, reduced inflammation markers in cells, and slowed some bacteria and fungi in dishes. [1][2][3] | Laboratory only | Water, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts |
| Cancer cells | Extracts and one isolated compound (craterellin C) were toxic to cultured cancer cells at high concentrations. [1][2] | Laboratory only | Extracts, isolated compound |
| Blood pressure, blood sugar | A water extract blocked ACE and another extract an enzyme (alpha-glucosidase) in test tubes. [1][2] | Laboratory only | Extracts |
| Health outcomes in people from eating it | Proper evidence not found. The only human mention in a review is a Tanzanian mixed-mushroom powder, cited second-hand. [2] | No good evidence either way | Not applicable |
Fruiting body, mycelium and grain products
Everything on this page is about the wild fruiting body. We found no mycelium-on-grain or capsule product backed by research. If a product claims otherwise, see fruiting body vs mycelium and mycelium grown on grain.Forms you may see
- Fresh or cooked: the food; wild-picked only.
- Dried or ground: a seasoning.
- Laboratory extracts: used only in research.
Lab data and chemistry
A. What the laboratory literature reports in this mushroom. The Wikidata/LOTUS database lists 11 compounds for Craterellus cornucopioides (taxon Q857903). [9] The file we read has no paper attached to the statements, so we did not check them against originals; compound pages themselves were not opened. A presence entry means "reported in at least one study of this species", not "present in every sample or product". Entries marked [2] or [3] are from reviews or a paper we read.| Compound or group | Class | Where in the mushroom / form | Identity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyceryl trioleate (triolein) | Triglyceride | Part not given | ChEBI:53753; Wikidata Q413929 | [9] |
| 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol | Triglyceride | Part not given | Wikidata Q104253541 (no ChEBI) | [9] |
| Indol-3-ylethyl esters of oleic and linoleic acids (several) | Indole fatty-acid esters | Part not given | Wikidata Q105185352, Q105112188, Q105185353, Q105112189 and others | [9] |
| 4-Oxohex-1,6-diyl diacetate | Keto ester | Cultures (reviews) | ChEBI:202720; Wikidata Q77373115 | [9][2] |
| 4-Oxohex-5-en-1-yl acetate | Keto ester | Part not given | ChEBI:214033; Wikidata Q104197045 | [9] |
| 6-Hydroxy-4-oxohexyl acetate | Keto ester | Part not given | ChEBI:216786; Wikidata Q103818534 | [9] |
| Polysaccharide CCP2 | Heteropolysaccharide (mannose, galactose, glucose, xylose) | Fruiting body, hot-water extract | no single ID | [4] |
| Craterellins A to C | Sesquiterpenoids; craterellin C toxic to a lung cancer cell line in the lab | Cultures | no ID looked up | [2][1] |
| Phenolic acids (gentisic, protocatechuic, gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic) | Phenolics | Fruiting body | none looked up | [3] |
| Ergosterol | Sterol; precursor of vitamin D2 under UV light | Fruiting body | none looked up | [2] |
| Glutamic acid and 5'-nucleotides | Umami-type compounds | Fruiting body | none looked up | [2][1] |
| Vitamin B12 | Vitamin | Fruiting body | none looked up | [5] |
The review that names illudins and craterellins describes them from cultures, not from the fruiting body; those compounds are not shown to be present in the food. [2]
B. Measured values. USDA FoodData Central has no entry for this mushroom (not in the file we checked).
| Measure | Value | Basis | Sample | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude protein | 46.2, 46.7, 46.9, 47.3 g per 100 g | dry, fruiting body; Kjeldahl, factor 4.38 | 4 wild Romanian collections (Cluj, Sălaj, Suceava 2022; Suceava 2023), n=3 each; we converted from mg/g | [3] |
| Total fat | 2.6 to 4.1 g per 100 g | dry | same | [3] |
| Ash | 9.2 to 10.4 g per 100 g | dry | same | [3] |
| Carbohydrate (by difference) | 26.4 to 29.7 g per 100 g | dry | same | [3] |
| Energy | 324.7 to 338.7 kcal per 100 g | dry | same | [3] |
| Total phenolics | 23.0 to 28.7 mg gallic acid equivalents per g | dry, extract | same | [3] |
| Vitamin B12 | 1.09 to 2.65 micrograms per 100 g | dry | wild, European sources; bioassay with mass-spectrometry check; abstract only | [5] |
| Beta-glucan | 15 g per 100 g (4.5 g of it 1,3-1,6-beta-glucan) | dry | quoted by a review from another study; not checked at source | [2] |
| Ergosterol | 3.27 mg per g (other studies 0.79 and 0.44) | dry | quoted by a review; differing studies | [2] |
| Heavy metals, ergothioneine, triterpenes | no open measured value found |
The Romanian table labels its values "mg/g dw", and its moisture column does not fit a dry basis, so treat the units with care. [3] Reviews report protein as low as 11.8% and as high as 69.4%, so the Romanian figures are one point in a wide range. [2]
C. What the numbers do and do not mean.
- Composition varies with the site, year, rainfall, drying and method (the review range for protein is nearly sixfold). [2][3]
- A compound found in a lab extract does not show a health effect, and the mouse results used a purified fraction at doses far above a meal.
- A beta-glucan figure depends on the test; the one purified polysaccharide we read was mostly mannose and galactose, not a classic beta-glucan. [4] See beta-glucans vs polysaccharides.
- A food portion of a few grams of dried mushroom gives much less of any compound than a concentrated extract, and no study compares the two.
- Cooking changed the measurements in the studies we read (one quoted study found total glucans dropped from 16.0 to 1.5 g per 100 g dry weight), so raw-sample numbers are not a cooked-plate number. [2]
Related pages
Frequently asked questions
Is black trumpet safe to eat?
It is a well-known culinary mushroom that should be cooked. A rare case report describes a bowel blockage after a large meal in a transplant patient with other risk factors. [2][6] Do not identify wild mushrooms from text or an app.
Does black trumpet have poisonous look-alikes?
We did not find an authoritative source, so we make no claim either way. Do not rely on a description; call Poison Help (1-800-222-1222, US) after any worrying ingestion.
Is it the same as Craterellus fallax?
No. C. fallax is a separate eastern North American species split from C. cornucopioides by DNA work. [8]
Does it boost immunity?
Only in cells and mice, with a purified extract. No human trial was found. [4]
Does it contain vitamin B12?
One study found 1.09 to 2.65 micrograms per 100 g dry weight, which is small, and no study shows it improves B12 status. [5]
Can it contain heavy metals?
Wild mushrooms can accumulate metals; no open measured value for this species was found. [2]
More details: evidence, limits and cautions
The details behind this page: cautions, limits of the evidence and where sources disagree. Open any note to read it.
Safety and limits of the evidence
- Large meals and the gut. A 2026 case report describes a 60-year-old liver-transplant patient, on immune-suppressing drugs and with a rerouted bowel, who had a small-bowel blockage about 24 hours after eating foraged mushrooms the surgeons judged to be black trumpet; undigested mushroom was removed surgically and he recovered. The mushroom was not confirmed by a mycologist. The authors link its tough, chitin-rich structure to blockages, as with shiitake, and name several other risk factors. [6] One case does not show risk for most people; chew and cook well, and ask your care team if you have had bowel surgery.
- Medicines. We found no interaction study. See medicine interactions.
- Allergy. Not described for this species in the sources we read; mushroom allergy exists in general. See mushroom allergy.
- Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children: not described in the sources we read, as a food or otherwise.
- Heavy metals and radioactivity. Wild mushrooms can accumulate metals from soil; a review says toxic metals (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead) in this species still need investigation. [2] A Bulgarian mountain study found chromium contributed the largest share (37.9%) of the species' health-risk index, but gave no concentrations here and did not flag the species above its safe threshold. [7] A 2026 Polish radiocaesium study lists the species among its samples without giving a species value. [10] We found no open measured value for metals in this species. See heavy metals and contamination.
- Wild harvest. Never eat a wild mushroom because a page or photo said so.
References
- Adamska I et al. [Black Trumpet [Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers.]: Bioactive Properties and Nutritional Value](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11085333/). Nutrients 2024 (open access). Read 2026-10-24 (first ~100,000 characters; Table 1 not in the text).
- Bumbu MG et al. Comprehensive Review of Functional and Nutraceutical Properties of Craterellus cornucopioides. Nutrients 2024 (open access). Read 2026-10-24 (first ~100,000 characters; Table 1 not in the text).
- Bumbu MG et al. Exploring the Nutritional Value and Bioactive Potential of Craterellus cornucopioides. Foods 2025 (open access; Romanian samples). Read 2026-10-24 (first ~100,000 characters).
- Zhang C et al. Extraction and immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharide obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides. Front Nutr 2022 (open access). Read 2026-10-24 (most of the text; the paper has several internal inconsistencies).
- Watanabe F et al. Characterization of vitamin B12 compounds in the wild edible mushrooms black trumpet and golden chanterelle. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2012. Read 2026-10-24 (abstract only).
- Sotiropoulou A et al. Rare small bowel obstruction in a liver transplant recipient (case report and review). Front Surg 2026 (open access). Read 2026-10-24.
- Ivanova M et al. Health risk of wild mushroom consumption, Batak Mountain. Iran J Public Health 2020 (open access). Read 2026-10-24 (searched for this species; only the chromium share was stated).
- Matheny PB et al. Craterellus fallax, a Black Trumpet mushroom from eastern North America with a broad host range. Mycorrhiza 2010. Read 2026-10-24 (abstract only).
- Wikidata (CC0), compounds found in Craterellus cornucopioides, Q857903, via the LOTUS imports; site research file
lotus-black-trumpet.json, retrieved 2026-10-23. Individual compound pages (Wikidata/ChEBI) were not opened. - Gembal M et al. Concentrations of 137Cs in forest mushrooms and soil in southern Poland. J Vet Res 2026 (open access). Read 2026-10-24 (Methods and results; names the species but gives no species-specific value).