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Every herb, ingredient, formula, gene target, and disease — connected through real research. Search, pick a subject, and navigate the graph in any direction.

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Evidence

23,295

trials · metas · refs

Plus 6,743 TCM formulas connecting herbs together

Subject Type: 🌿 Herbs ⚗️ Ingredients 📜 Formulas 🧬 Targets 🏥 Diseases

Quick picks: Taxol Oxytocin Morphine (?)-nicotine Testosterone Melatonin Caffeine L-ascorbic acid Progesterone Coumarins

⚗️ Ingredient

Choline

Open on HERB 2.0 ↗

Clinical Trials

Meta-Analyses

PubMed References

Top Conditions Studied with Choline

Cardiovascular Risk Factor 4 Fatty Liver|Liver Fibrosis|Obesity|Metabolic Syndrome|Nonalc 1 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition period betwe 1 Asthma 1 Pregnancy|Child Development 1 Fatty Liver 1 Foetal and infant brain developmental disorders such as neur 1 Alzheimer Disease 1 Pregnancy 1 Dyslipidemia|Atherosclerosis|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 1 Choline is essential for the formation of phospholipids and 1 Postmenopausal Women 1

📋 Sample Trials

NCT00065546

Human Requirements for the Nutrient Choline

Completed

NCT00332124

Safety and Effectiveness of Taking Choline Supplements During Pregnancy for Improving Infant Brain Development

Completed · Phase 1

NCT00673881

ABT-335 (Choline Fenofibrate) Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) Study

Completed · Phase 1|Phase 2

📊 Sample Meta-Analyses

CRD42021238998

CDP-choline for the management of patients with traumatic brain injury in acute phase. A protocol for systematic review and metaanalysis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity acr

CRD42013005070

CDP-choline for acute and subacute ischemic stroke. An updated and cumulative meta-analysis (Protocol)

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability wo

CRD42020210937

The impact of maternal choline status or exposure on maternal, fetal, birth, and infant health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Our main conditions of focus include pregnancy health - maternal, fetal, birth,

📚 Sample References

PMID 31560162

Lifelong choline supplementation ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and associated cognitive deficits by attenuating microglia activation

Aging Cell · 2019

PMID 32661250

The choline transporter Slc44a2 controls platelet activation and thrombosis by regulating mitochondrial function

Nat Commun · 2020

PMID 33276105

Choline and nicotine increase glioblastoma cell proliferation by binding and activating α7- and α9- containing nicotinic receptors

Pharmacol Res · 2021

⚗️ All Ingredient data fields for Choline

⚗️ Identity

Name

Choline

Aliases / Synonyms

Choline ion; Bilineurine; 62-49-7; Choline cation; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Cholinum; (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium; Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-; trimethylethanolamine

🧪 Chemistry

Molecular Weight

104.1730

LogP

-0.3151

Drug-likeness

0.476

Oral Bioavailability

0.4750

H-Bond Acceptors

H-Bond Donors

Rotatable Bonds

🔬 Structures

Canonical SMILES

C[N+](C)(C)CCO

Isomeric SMILES

C[N+](C)(C)CCO

InChIKey

OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C5H14NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1

🔗 External References

HERB DB

HBIN020406 ↗

PubChem CID

305 ↗

CAS Number

62-49-7 ↗

NPASS

NPC136014

HIT

C1236

SymMap

TCMID

3589

TCMSP

MOL000394

TCM-ID

5750

🔍 Raw view — every non-empty column on this row (34 fields)

name

Choline

common names

Choline ion; Bilineurine; 62-49-7; Choline cation; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Cholinum; (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium; Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-; trimethylethanolamine

herb ingredient id

HBIN020406

canonical smiles

C[N+](C)(C)CCO

isomeric smiles

C[N+](C)(C)CCO

inchi

InChI=1S/C5H14NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1

inchikey

OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

mol wt

104.1730

num h acceptors

num h donors

mol logp

-0.3151

num rotatable bonds

drug likeness

0.476

ob score

0.4750

cas id

62-49-7

symmap mol id

tcmid ingredient id

3589

tcmsp ingredient id

MOL000394

tcm id ingredient id

5750

pubchem cid

305

npass id

NPC136014

hit id

C1236

🏥 Linked Health Topics

5 · studied for these conditions (text bridge)

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

syndrome

📋 Clinical Trials

12 · subject of clinical study

NCT00065546 Human Requirements for the Nutrient Choline

→ Postmenopausal Women

NCT00332124 Safety and Effectiveness of Taking Choline Supplements During Pregnancy for Impr

→ Pregnancy|Child Development

NCT00673881 ABT-335 (Choline Fenofibrate) Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) Study

→ Dyslipidemia

NCT00686361 Choline Nutrition in Children With Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

→ Cystic Fibrosis

NCT01149538 Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

→ Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders|Fetal Alcohol Syn

NCT01911299 Choline Supplementation in Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

→ Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders|Fetal Alcohol Syn

NCT01934777 Efficacy and Tolerance of Treatment With DHA, Choline and Vitamin E in Children

→ Fatty Liver|Liver Fibrosis|Obesity|Metabolic Syndr

NCT02232724 Choline PET/CT vs. Dual Time Point FDG PET/CT in Prostate Cancer

→ Prostate Cancer

NCT02371993 Asthma in the Elderly: A Study of Choline Supplementation

→ Asthma in the Elderly

NCT02395926 To Evaluate Safety and the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics After Oral Administra

→ Healthy Male

NCT02509728 Metabolic Effects of Choline and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation in Preterm

→ Infant, Premature

NCT03028857 Choline Supplementation During Pregnancy: Impact on Attention and Social Withdra

→ Child Development|Prenatal Stress

📊 Meta-Analyses

12 · systematic review

CRD42021238998 CDP-choline for the management of patients with traumatic brain injury in acute

→ Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause

CRD42013005070 CDP-choline for acute and subacute ischemic stroke. An updated and cumulative me

→ Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a

CRD42020210937 The impact of maternal choline status or exposure on maternal, fetal, birth, and

→ Our main conditions of focus include pregnancy hea

CRD42020198861 Comparison of 18F-PSMA, 18F-Choline and 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT for the detectio

→ The diagnostic performance of 18F-PSMA, 18F-cholin

CRD42020206010 The effect of maternal choline during pregnancy on neurodevelopment in the offsp

→ Choline is an essential nutrient during pregnancy.

CRD42021233790 The association between maternal choline intake or status and in-utero brain dev

→ Foetal and infant brain developmental disorders su

CRD42022330232 Dietary choline and risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause and cardiovascular

→ Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality

CRD42022356965 Activity of choline alphoscerate on adult-onset cognitive dysfunctions: A system

→ A cognitive impairment resulting from any patholog

CRD42015019609 Citicoline (CDP-choline) for traumatic brain injury [Cochrane Protocol]

→ The Cochrane Injuries Group

CRD42019123111 The association between dietary intakes of methionine, choline and betaine and b

→ Breast cancer risk

CRD42020163424 Effectiveness of choline alfoscerate on dementia and hidden adverse events: A sy

→ No limitation

CRD42017080052 Effect of choline supplementation on neurological, cognitive and behavioural out

→ Neurological, behavioural or cognitive outcomes (a

📚 PubMed References

5 · cited research

PMID 31560162 Lifelong choline supplementation ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and a

Aging Cell

PMID 32661250 The choline transporter Slc44a2 controls platelet activation and thrombosis by r

Nat Commun

PMID 33276105 Choline and nicotine increase glioblastoma cell proliferation by binding and act

Pharmacol Res

PMID 33892733 The association between RGS4 and choline in cardiac fibrosis

Cell Commun Signal

PMID 34504645 Activation of the M3AChR and Notch1/HSF1 Signaling Pathway by Choline Alleviates

Oxid Med Cell Longev

How relationships are computed

Clinical Trials / Meta-Analyses / References: direct foreign-key link via subject_entity_id (Phase 2d wireup)
Formula ↔ Herbs: text bridge via formulas.herbs_in_pinyin matching herbs.pinyin_name
Herb ↔ Ingredient: empty — needs HERB_herb_ingredient import
Ingredient ↔ Target: empty — needs HERB_ingredient_target import
Target ↔ Disease: empty — needs HERB_target_disease import
Herb → Target → Disease (full chemical spine): awaiting Phase 2e link tables