Relationship Graph Explorer

Follow the connections

Every herb, ingredient, formula, gene target, and disease — connected through real research. Search, pick a subject, and navigate the graph in any direction.

🌿

Herb

→

→

→

→

🧪

Evidence

23,295

trials · metas · refs

Plus 6,743 TCM formulas connecting herbs together

Subject Type: 🌿 Herbs ⚗️ Ingredients 📜 Formulas 🧬 Targets 🏥 Diseases

Quick picks: Taxol Oxytocin Morphine (?)-nicotine Testosterone Melatonin Caffeine L-ascorbic acid Progesterone Coumarins

⚗️ Ingredient

(?)-nicotine

Open on HERB 2.0 ↗

256

Clinical Trials

Meta-Analyses

PubMed References

Top Conditions Studied with (?)-nicotine

Smoking Cessation 32 Tobacco Dependence 26 Nicotine Dependence 25 Tobacco Use Disorder 19 Smoking 18 Nicotine Addiction 5 Healthy 4 Electronic Cigarette Use 4 Healthy Smokers 3 Smokeless Tobacco Use 3 Alcoholism|Smoking 3 Cigarette Smoking 3

📋 Sample Trials

NCT02102100

The Effects of Menthol as Delivered by an Electronic Cigarette on the Desirability of Nicotine in Tobacco Users

Completed

NCT04124432

Behavioral Pharmacology of Cannabis and Nicotine

Completed · Phase 1

NCT02747628

Transdermal Nicotine and Melatonin Patches for Postoperative Pain Relief

Completed · Phase 4

📊 Sample Meta-Analyses

CRD42019127882

An adapted systematic review of the effectiveness of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for smoking cessation; a review of randomised control trials and prospective cohort studies

Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disability. Tobacco s

CRD42019146801

Substitutability between cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system consumption: systematic review and meta-analysis

Country health ministries should raise awareness about the risks associated with

CRD42020169416

Smoking cessation in individuals who use vaping as compared to traditional nicotine replacement therapies; protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Smoking cessation ENDS use non-electronic nicotine replacement therapy health ca

📚 Sample References

PMID 34273166

Nicotine promotes vascular calcification via intracellular Ca2+-mediated, Nox5-induced oxidative stress, and extracellular vesicle release in vascular smooth muscle cells

Cardiovasc Res · 2021

PMID 34647621

Nicotine causes alternative polarization of macrophages via Src-mediated STAT3 activation: Potential pathobiological implications

J Cell Physiol · 2021

PMID 35581520

Prenatal Hypoxia Affects Nicotine Consumption and Withdrawal in Adult Rats via Impairment of the Glutamate System in the Brain

Mol Neurobiol · 2022

⚗️ All Ingredient data fields for (?)-nicotine

⚗️ Identity

Name

(?)-nicotine

Aliases / Synonyms

nicotine; L-Nicotine; 54-11-5; (-)-Nicotine; (S)-Nicotine; (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine; (S)-(-)-Nicotine; Habitrol; Nicotrol; 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine

🧪 Chemistry

Molecular Weight

162.2360

LogP

1.8483

Drug-likeness

0.626

H-Bond Acceptors

Rotatable Bonds

🔬 Structures

Canonical SMILES

CN1CCCC1C2=CN=CC=C2

Isomeric SMILES

CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2

InChIKey

SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1

🔗 External References

HERB DB

HBIN036906 ↗

PubChem CID

89594 ↗

NPASS

NPC182570

HIT

C0247

SymMap

16850

TCMID

15518

🔍 Raw view — every non-empty column on this row (30 fields)

name

(?)-nicotine

common names

nicotine; L-Nicotine; 54-11-5; (-)-Nicotine; (S)-Nicotine; (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine; (S)-(-)-Nicotine; Habitrol; Nicotrol; 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine

herb ingredient id

HBIN036906

canonical smiles

CN1CCCC1C2=CN=CC=C2

isomeric smiles

CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2

inchi

InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1

inchikey

SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N

mol wt

162.2360

num h acceptors

num h donors

mol logp

1.8483

num rotatable bonds

drug likeness

0.626

symmap mol id

16850

tcmid ingredient id

15518

pubchem cid

89594

npass id

NPC182570

hit id

C0247

🏥 Linked Health Topics

12 · studied for these conditions (text bridge)

Nicotine Use Disorder

phenotype

Sarcoma

group

📋 Clinical Trials

12 · subject of clinical study

NCT02102100 The Effects of Menthol as Delivered by an Electronic Cigarette on the Desirabili

→ Nicotine Dependence

NCT04124432 Behavioral Pharmacology of Cannabis and Nicotine

→ Cannabis|Nicotine

NCT02747628 Transdermal Nicotine and Melatonin Patches for Postoperative Pain Relief

→ Postoperative Pain Relief

NCT00033592 Comparison of Nicotine Inhaler and/or Bupropion in Helping People to Stop Smokin

→ Lung Cancer

NCT00064844 Combination Nicotine Replacement for Alcoholic Smokers

→ Smoking|Alcoholism

NCT00124683 Treating Nicotine Dependence in Schizophrenic Individuals: Effectiveness of Bupr

→ Tobacco Use Cessation|Tobacco Use Disorder|Schizop

NCT00218283 Nicotine Lozenge to Reduce Smokeless Tobacco Use

→ Tobacco Use Disorder

NCT00235313 Adjustment of DOses of NIcotine in Smoking Cessation (ADONIS)

→ Smoking Cessation

NCT00297479 Group Therapy for Nicotine Dependence: Mindfulness and Smoking

→ Smoking|Tobacco Use Cessation

NCT00341432 Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Reducing the Risk of Nicotine E

→ Smoking|Pregnancy

NCT00365508 Counseling and Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Helping Adult Smokers Quit Smokin

→ Bladder Cancer|Cervical Cancer|Esophageal Cancer|G

NCT00385216 Nicotine as an Adjuvant Analgesic for Third Molar Surgery

→ Dental Crowding

📊 Meta-Analyses

12 · systematic review

CRD42019127882 An adapted systematic review of the effectiveness of electronic nicotine deliver

→ Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable d

CRD42019146801 Substitutability between cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system consu

→ Country health ministries should raise awareness a

CRD42020169416 Smoking cessation in individuals who use vaping as compared to traditional nicot

→ Smoking cessation ENDS use non-electronic nicotine

CRD42022326445 The Use of Psilocybin, Cannabis, Nicotine, and Morphine in the management of Obs

→ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, c

CRD42015019219 Nursing best practice guideline: integrating tobacco and nicotine interventions

→ Tobacco or nicotine use in the adult population.

CRD42015020570 Does nicotine replacement therapy affect mortality, delirium, or duration of ICU

→ Intensive care patients

CRD42017067064 A systematic review to assess the safety of drug treatments which are used rarel

CRD42017081914 Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing nicotine concentrations generated

→ Smoking cessation in pregnancy.

CRD42018083936 The impact of active tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure during pregnancy on inf

→ Infant health. We focus on health outcomes with kn

CRD42018085834 Systematic review of observational studies to compare the safety of nicotine rep

→ Nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy.

CRD42018086331 A systematic review assessing the effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing stai

→ Dental staining.

CRD42018087663 Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of virtual reality expo

→ alcohol and/or nicotine dependence.

📚 PubMed References

10 · cited research

PMID 34273166 Nicotine promotes vascular calcification via intracellular Ca2+-mediated, Nox5-i

Cardiovasc Res

PMID 34647621 Nicotine causes alternative polarization of macrophages via Src-mediated STAT3 a

J Cell Physiol

PMID 35581520 Prenatal Hypoxia Affects Nicotine Consumption and Withdrawal in Adult Rats via I

Mol Neurobiol

PMID 35678315 Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates chronic nicotine inhalation-ind

Clin Sci (Lond)

PMID 35841068 The effect of nicotine-containing products and fetal sex on placenta-associated

Biol Sex Differ

PMID 36005607 Nicotine Exposure during Rodent Pregnancy Alters the Composition of Maternal Gut

Metabolites

PMID 36012747 Nicotine in Combination with SARS-CoV-2 Affects Cells Viability, Inflammatory Re

Int J Mol Sci

PMID 36038765 Nicotine pretreatment alleviates MK-801-induced behavioral and cognitive deficit

Acta Pharmacol Sin

PMID 36120353 Nicotine self-administration and ERK signaling are altered in RasGRF2 knockout m

Front Pharmacol

PMID 36361620 Regulation of Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells by Nicotine, BDNF, and a

Int J Mol Sci

How relationships are computed

Clinical Trials / Meta-Analyses / References: direct foreign-key link via subject_entity_id (Phase 2d wireup)
Formula ↔ Herbs: text bridge via formulas.herbs_in_pinyin matching herbs.pinyin_name
Herb ↔ Ingredient: empty — needs HERB_herb_ingredient import
Ingredient ↔ Target: empty — needs HERB_ingredient_target import
Target ↔ Disease: empty — needs HERB_target_disease import
Herb → Target → Disease (full chemical spine): awaiting Phase 2e link tables