Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Without Complication

Nutrients connected to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Without Complication

A link means the body needs the nutrient for this, or that low intake is linked to it. It does not mean extra supplements help if your intake is already adequate; each link shows how strong the evidence is.

• CinnamonPreliminary or mixed

  Trials of cinnamon supplements show lower blood sugar markers, but NCCIH says it is unclear whether cinnamon helps and it does not replace diabetes care.

• BerberinePreliminary or mixed

  Pooled trials show small average drops in glucose and HbA1c, often when added to medicines; quality varies and long-term outcomes were not shown. It is not a substitute for treatment.

• CinnamonPreliminary or mixed

  Pooled trials of cinnamon supplements report lower glucose markers; NCCIH says it is unclear and it does not replace diabetes care.

• Coriander seedPreliminary or mixed

  One small trial of coriander seed powder reported better glucose and lipid markers; one trial cannot show it works and it does not replace diabetes care.

• OkraPreliminary or mixed

  Meta-analyses of small trials found lower fasting glucose and HbA1c with okra products; certainty low to very low and not a replacement for treatment.

• Milk ThistlePreliminary or mixed

  A small number of human studies suggest extracts may help control blood sugar; unclear whether results apply outside the studied regions.

• American ginsengPreliminary or mixed

  One small trial found modest improvements in HbA1c and fasting glucose as an add-on to usual treatment. Not a replacement for diabetes care.

• PearsPreliminary or mixed

  Cohort studies link higher apple and pear intake to lower diabetes risk (18%); observational, apples and pears pooled.

• MangoPreliminary or mixed

  An 8-week trial in 35 adults reported lower fasting glucose and HbA1c with mango in place of bread; small. People on medicines should ask their care team.

• RaisinsPreliminary or mixed

  One small trial found lower after-meal glucose when raisins replaced processed snacks; a cohort linked grapes and raisins with lower risk. Raisins are high in sugar. Not proof of treatment.

• KalePreliminary or mixed

  One small 12-week trial of a freeze-dried kale bar lowered HbA1c versus placebo; not shown for ordinary servings and not a treatment.

• FlaxseedPreliminary or mixed

  A meta-analysis of milled or ground seed found lower glucose and HbA1c; more trials needed.

• Whole Wheat & Wheat BerriesPreliminary or mixed

  Cohort studies link more whole grain (but not refined grain) with lower type 2 diabetes risk; association only.

• LentilsPreliminary or mixed

  Pulses lowered fasting glucose and insulin in pooled trials with and without diabetes, with high differences between trials. Lentil trials showed lower insulin resistance but mixed fasting measures.

• Chickpeas (Garbanzo Beans)Preliminary or mixed

  Pulses lowered fasting glucose and insulin in pooled trials with and without diabetes, with high differences between trials. Chickpea single-meal trials mostly show a lower glucose response after one meal in healthy adults.

• Split PeasPreliminary or mixed

  Pulses lowered fasting glucose and insulin in pooled trials with and without diabetes, with high differences between trials. Split pea flour bread did not change glucose significantly in one small trial.

• Black-Eyed Peas (Cowpeas)Preliminary or mixed

  Pulses lowered fasting glucose and insulin in pooled trials with and without diabetes, with high differences between trials. One small cowpea trial of 11 healthy adults saw lower blood sugar response than glucose.

• YogurtPreliminary or mixed

  Cohort studies show lower risk with more yogurt (association only).

• Extra Virgin Olive OilPreliminary or mixed

  Cohort meta-analysis: 22 percent lower relative risk per 25 g a day; observational.

• Safflower OilPreliminary or mixed

  One small crossover trial found lower HbA1c with 8 g a day of safflower oil in postmenopausal women with obesity; not enough to recommend.

• Sesame OilPreliminary or mixed

  An open-label study found stronger glucose lowering when sesame oil was combined with glibenclamide; reviews rate the evidence very low.

• Orange JuicePreliminary or mixed

  In a US cohort, more fruit juice was linked to a slightly higher type 2 diabetes risk. Observational; does not prove cause.

• Apple JuicePreliminary or mixed

  US cohort: more fruit juice linked to slightly higher type 2 diabetes risk; observational.

• Pomegranate JuicePreliminary or mixed

  Small drops in glucose markers in pooled trials; juice is sugar-rich.

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