Kidneys

Nutrients connected to Kidneys

A link means the body needs the nutrient for this, or that low intake is linked to it. It does not mean extra supplements help if your intake is already adequate; each link shows how strong the evidence is.

• MagnesiumDocumented risk

  The kidneys remove extra magnesium. Magnesium products need extra care in people with kidney disease.

• PotassiumDocumented risk

  The kidneys remove extra potassium. With kidney disease, potassium can build up in the blood.

• PhosphorusDocumented risk

  Kidneys remove extra phosphorus. In kidney disease it builds up, so intake is often limited and a binder medicine may be used.

• Uva UrsiDocumented risk

  The EU monograph lists kidney disorders as a contraindication for uva ursi leaf.

• ChagaDocumented risk

  Kidney biopsies in case reports showed oxalate crystals; a 2026 rat study found kidney injury at high doses.

• Yellow dockDocumented risk

  Oxalate in the plant is linked to extra urine oxalate and calcium oxalate kidney stones; a 2025 review advises people with kidney stones to avoid Rumex plants. This is a risk, not a benefit. Sheep poisoning showed kidney tubule damage.

• RueDocumented risk

  Swallowed rue has been linked to kidney impairment and kidney failure needing dialysis. A safety caution, not a benefit.

• Alisma (ze xie)Documented risk

  Kidney was the main target organ in animal toxicity studies at much higher than usual amounts.

• Yellow foot (funnel chanterelle)Documented risk

  Kidney damage comes from the deadly webcap, a look-alike that is mistaken for yellow foot, not from yellow foot itself. Delayed (about 3 to 14 days) kidney failure; no antidote.

• Deadly webcapDocumented risk

  Orellanine harms the proximal tubule cells of the kidney. Kidney failure may need dialysis or a transplant. Damage can be permanent.

• Wild ginger (Canadian)Documented risk

  Wild ginger can contain aristolochic acid, which the FDA calls a potent carcinogen and kidney toxin, and which NCI links to kidney damage and urinary tract cancers. This is a documented risk, not a benefit.

• Star Fruit (Carambola)Documented risk

  The National Kidney Foundation says people with kidney disease should avoid star fruit; patients on dialysis have died after eating it. Oxalate in the juice has also injured kidneys in people not known to have kidney disease.

• Thunder god vineDocumented risk

  Kidney damage is listed by NCCIH as a serious risk.

• Stephania (fang ji)Documented risk

  Aristolochic acid from Aristolochia fangchi, which replaced Stephania tetrandra in Belgian slimming pills, caused kidney scarring and kidney failure; this is a harm, not a benefit, and is not shown for pure Stephania.

• Angel wingDocumented risk

  Kidney failure is the condition that made people vulnerable; the sources do not say the mushroom damages the kidneys.

• Brown roll-rimDocumented risk

  Acute kidney failure from immune-complex injury is described after the Paxillus syndrome.

• Common sorrelDocumented risk

  Oxalate from very high-oxalate plants can injure kidneys in rare cases (a Swiss chard case report) and a fatal sorrel soup poisoning was reported; kidney disease and stone history call for medical advice.

• Amanita smithiana and Amanita proximaDocumented risk

  Delayed kidney failure follows the first stomach illness; in published case reports it was reversible with supportive care and temporary dialysis.

• Tender nesting polyporeDocumented risk

  Raised creatinine and urea in both patients.

• Salt Substitutes (Potassium Chloride)Documented risk

  Kidneys clear potassium, so reduced function lets it build up.

• Vitamin DDocumented risk

  The kidneys help activate vitamin D; kidney disease can impair this. Excess vitamin D can damage the kidneys and cause kidney stones.

• CalciumDocumented risk

  Long-term high calcium intake raises kidney stone risk in some people; kidney disease can also raise blood calcium.

• CreatineDocumented risk

  The kidneys help make creatine and clear its by-product creatinine. Those with kidney disease should ask a clinician before using creatine.

• DandelionDocumented risk

  The EU herbal committee says dandelion root with herb should be avoided in kidney failure because of possible high potassium (hyperkalemia).

• NoniDocumented risk

  Noni is high in potassium, so people with kidney disease or on a low-potassium diet should check with a clinician first.

• Coleus forskohlii (forskolin)Documented risk

  People with polycystic kidney disease are advised to avoid forskolin because it may contribute to cyst enlargement.

• Juniper BerryDocumented risk

  Not recommended in severe kidney disease, including kidney infection (pyelonephritis).

• LemongrassDocumented risk

  Daily lemongrass infusions for 30 days were linked to lower creatinine clearance and eGFR in one trial.

• TribulusDocumented risk

  Case reports of acute kidney injury; individual cases only.

• WormwoodDocumented risk

  A 1997 case report describes acute kidney failure after oil of wormwood bought online. This is a caution, not a benefit.

• SarsaparillaDocumented risk

  RxList says sarsaparilla may worsen kidney disease and advises people with kidney problems to avoid it; it also rates evidence for kidney and fluid-retention uses as insufficient.

• Corn silkDocumented risk

  In rats a high dose lowered a kidney filtering measure and raised potassium loss. Human relevance unknown.

• BladderwrackDocumented risk

  The EU assessment reports kidney tubule defects and Fanconi syndrome after bladderwrack and advises caution in kidney disease; MSK warns that contaminated product may harm the kidneys.

• Chanca piedraPreliminary or mixed

  Studied for reducing kidney stone size and recurrence risk; evidence is limited and from small studies.

• ManjisthaDocumented risk

  Rubiadin and alizarin, anthraquinones from madder and listed for R. cordifolia, caused kidney tumours in rats; the review advises avoiding exposure to rubiadin-containing substances. This is animal evidence; human risk from manjistha was not assessed. Mouse extract studies also suggested kidney protection, not shown in people.

• PennyroyalDocumented risk

  MSK lists kidney toxicity and kidney failure among the published poisoning cases.

• Rhubarb rootDocumented risk

  High in oxalates; case reports of kidney damage after heavy intake. MSK advises against use in kidney disease.

• Zhu ling (polyporus)Lab or animal research only

  Animal studies report diuretic and anti-scarring effects on the kidney; not shown in people.

• Cicada cordycepsLab or animal research only

  Rats given cyclosporine had less kidney injury with mycelium; no human kidney benefit shown.

• Xanthium (cang er zi, cocklebur)Documented risk

  One human case report included kidney failure needing dialysis.

• Juniper berryDocumented risk

  The EU does not recommend juniper berry products in severe kidney disease.

• Cs-4 and cultured Cordyceps myceliumPreliminary or mixed

  Chinese trials of Jinshuibao added to usual care report lower urea, creatinine and urine protein; trials were low quality and the markers are not hard outcomes.

• Java tea (cat's whiskers)Documented risk

  The EU says not to use Java tea where fluids must be limited, such as severe kidney disease; a US kidney foundation list (via our site page) also names it among herbs to avoid with kidney disease.

• Funeral bellDocumented risk

  Amatoxins can injure the kidney tubules; kidney damage was reported with Galerina poisoning in a group case.

• Chaparral (creosote bush)Documented risk

  Kidney failure, cysts and one kidney cancer case are reported; causation is not established.

• EpazoteDocumented risk

  TRAMIL contraindicates oral use in kidney failure and lists kidney damage among effects of the oil.

• Japanese knotweed (hu zhang)Documented risk

  Emodin was linked to kidney toxicity in a 2016 review, and a high-dose resveratrol formula trial in myeloma patients was stopped for serious events including renal failure.

• Lily bulb (bai he)Documented risk

  Lilies cause kidney failure in cats; human kidney effects were not reported at pharmacopoeial doses.

• Bitter leafDocumented risk

  Fatal kidney failure reported in the same case. One case cannot prove cause.

• OrangesDocumented risk

  Potassium in oranges matters for people with kidney disease who are told to limit it.

• MayappleDocumented risk

  Kidney failure is reported after poisoning (IPCS).

• BananasDocumented risk

  Kidneys clear extra potassium; with kidney disease the NKF says higher-potassium foods, including half a banana, may need limiting.

• JackfruitDocumented risk

  With chronic kidney disease the kidneys may not remove extra potassium, and jackfruit contains potassium.

• RestharrowDocumented risk

  Not to be used where fluid intake must be limited, such as severe kidney disease or oedema from weak kidney function (EMA).

• DatesDocumented risk

  The kidneys may not remove extra potassium in chronic kidney disease; ask a clinician.

• RaisinsDocumented risk

  Potassium is a concern in chronic kidney disease (MedlinePlus); raisins have 744 mg per 100 g.

• Leafy Greens (overview)Documented risk

  NIDDK lists spinach among foods people with past calcium oxalate stones may want to reduce.

• Costus root (mu xiang)Documented risk

  The kidney concern relates to look-alike 'mu xiang' from Aristolochia, not true costus; check the Latin name.

• SpinachDocumented risk

  High oxalate and potassium content matter for people with stones or kidney disease; ask a clinician.

• Swiss ChardDocumented risk

  A 2026 case report describes oxalate crystal kidney injury after one large chard meal; potassium also matters in kidney disease.

• Deadly parasolDocumented risk

  Raised urea and creatinine in several Iranian patients, and acute tubular necrosis in a Chinese case, show kidneys can be hurt too; evidence is case reports.

• KohlrabiDocumented risk

  Potassium in food matters for people with chronic kidney disease.

• PotatoesDocumented risk

  Potatoes are high in potassium; people with poor kidney function may need to limit high-potassium foods.

• ParsnipsDocumented risk

  Potassium-limited diets can matter in chronic kidney disease (MedlinePlus).

• PumpkinDocumented risk

  Pumpkin has a moderate amount of potassium; people with kidney problems should ask a clinician about potassium-rich foods.

• Autumn crocus (colchicum)Documented risk

  Kidney impairment is described after autumn crocus poisoning.

• Butternut SquashDocumented risk

  Potassium-rich foods such as winter squash need care in kidney disease.

• Fennel BulbDocumented risk

  People with kidney disease may need to limit potassium-rich foods; the bulb has 414 mg per 100 g.

• Poison fire coralDocumented risk

  Low urine output and kidney failure needing dialysis were reported in fatal cases.

• Lotus SeedsDocumented risk

  Potassium and phosphorus limits may apply in chronic kidney disease.

• Prunes (Dried Plums)Documented risk

  Prunes are high in potassium; people with kidney disease may need to limit potassium, per MedlinePlus.

• Juniper Berry OilDocumented risk

  Regulator caution in severe kidney disease; animal data show no kidney change at tested doses.

• Lemongrass TeaDocumented risk

  Trial found lower eGFR and creatinine clearance with daily infusions for 30 days.

• Pennyroyal Tea (Dangers)Documented risk

  MSK lists kidney toxicity in published cases.

• Horsetail TeaDocumented risk

  The EU monograph lists severe kidney disease (where less fluid is advised) as a reason not to use horsetail for urinary flushing.

• Wheat Bran & Wheat GermDocumented risk

  NIDDK names wheat bran for calcium oxalate stones; high phosphorus and potassium per USDA.

• Soy Sauce & TamariDocumented risk

  NIDDK names soy sauce among high-sodium foods for people with chronic kidney disease.

• Coconut WaterDocumented risk

  People with chronic kidney disease may not clear extra potassium.

• Prune JuiceDocumented risk

  Prune juice is a higher-potassium juice (about 707 mg per cup); people with kidney disease may be told to limit potassium.

• Green & Vegetable JuicesDocumented risk

  Case reports describe kidney injury after juice cleanses; leafy greens are also high in potassium for people with kidney disease.

• Lemon Water & Infused WaterPreliminary or mixed

  Studies of urine stone risk measures after lemon juice or lemonade; results mixed.

• Epsom Salt (Magnesium Sulfate)Documented risk

  Kidneys clear extra magnesium; people with significantly reduced kidney function are at risk.

• Sea Salt, Himalayan Salt and Dead Sea Salt: Mineral ClaimsDocumented risk

  WHO lists kidney disease among the effects of high sodium intake.

• Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)Documented risk

  Kidney disease raises the risk of harm from swallowed bicarbonate; prescribed use in CKD acidosis is studied.

• Magnesium Oil, Sprays and LotionsDocumented risk

  Reduced kidney function is the main group at risk from excess magnesium.

• Magnesium Chloride Bath FlakesDocumented risk

  Reduced kidney function raises risk from high magnesium intake.

• Borax (Sodium Borate)Documented risk

  Kidney problems in severe poisoning; kidney disease may slow clearance.

• Potassium AlumDocumented risk

  Kidneys remove aluminum; reduced kidney function raises the risk of buildup.

• Creatine HCl (Hydrochloride)Documented risk

  Creatine can change creatinine blood tests; people with kidney disease should ask a clinician.

• Creatine Ethyl Ester (CEE)Documented risk

  Raised creatinine after CEE can look like reduced kidney function on a blood test; case reports describe normalization after stopping.

• Creatine NitrateDocumented risk

  Creatine nitrate trials report changes in creatinine, urea nitrogen or eGFR in some groups.

• Magnesium Creatine ChelateDocumented risk

  Kidneys clear creatinine and magnesium; ask a clinician first if kidney function is reduced.

• Creatine in Food (Meat and Fish)Documented risk

  The kidneys help make creatine and clear its by-product creatinine. Meat and creatine supplements can both raise blood creatinine; people with kidney disease should ask a clinician.

• Whey Protein PowderDocumented risk

  Healthy adults showed no kidney filtration change on higher-protein diets; people with kidney disease may need moderate protein and should ask a clinician.

• Bone Health FormulasDocumented risk

  More kidney stones with calcium plus vitamin D in a large trial.

• Vitamin CDocumented risk

  Very high amounts are not recommended and can rarely cause kidney stones; people with kidney disease should ask their kidney team first.

• CopperDocumented risk

  Long-term high doses of copper can damage the kidneys, and Wilson disease can affect the kidneys.

• ChromiumDocumented risk

  Isolated cases of kidney impairment have been reported with chromium supplements.

• GlutamineDocumented risk

  A review reported glutamine can raise serum creatinine and cause kidney damage in diabetic kidney disease; no significant harm was seen in healthy athletes.

• Coenzyme Q10Deficiency link

  Kidneys hold high CoQ10 amounts, and primary CoQ10 deficiency often causes nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure if untreated (rare inherited condition).

• Polyphenols: quercetin and resveratrolDocumented risk

  Very large intravenous quercetin doses in a cancer trial were linked to kidney toxicity, and a high-dose resveratrol myeloma study was stopped for serious events including renal failure. Oral supplement effects on kidneys are not established.

• TurmericDocumented risk

  People prone to kidney stones are advised to check with a doctor before using turmeric supplements, and one case report links long-term supplement use to kidney damage from oxalate. This is case-level evidence.

• Willow barkDocumented risk

  Not for severe kidney dysfunction.

• HorsetailDocumented risk

  The EU monograph says not to use horsetail for urinary use where fluid must be limited, for example in severe kidney disease.

• Sea buckthornDocumented risk

  In one dialysis trial of oil capsules, blood phosphate and sodium rose and iron fell. This is a single small trial.

• Wild yamDocumented risk

  Rats given wild yam extract developed kidney fibrosis over 28 days. People with kidney disease or taking drugs that affect the kidneys should ask a clinician.

• HorehoundDocumented risk

  A single 2024 case report linked a three-plant mixture containing horehound to kidney injury; this does not show horehound was the cause.

• Magnolia barkDocumented risk

  Kidney failure in a Belgian slimming-capsule episode involved magnolia bark mixed with Aristolochia; the Aristolochia was blamed. Lab tests found the mix more toxic to kidney cells.

• Camu camuDocumented risk

  MedlinePlus lists kidney stones as a rare effect of vitamin C above 2,000 mg a day. This is general vitamin C information; no camu camu-specific source was read.

• Graviola (soursop)Documented risk

  Cancer Research UK says frequent use may damage the kidneys; animal toxicity was reported. No human cases found.

• PunarnavaLab or animal research only

  Extracts protected rat kidneys from gentamicin and methotrexate injury. A small human diabetic-nephropathy report did not show a significant effect.

• SandalwoodDocumented risk

  Consumer references say people with kidney disease should not take sandalwood oil internally. No regulator statement was read.

• Irvingia (African mango seed)Documented risk

  One MSK-cited case report of kidney failure after about 2.5 months of use; cause not proven.

• Fadogia agrestisLab or animal research only

  A rat study reported enzyme changes and cell-membrane stress in kidney tissue; no human data were found.

• Cinchona barkDocumented risk

  MedlinePlus lists kidney damage as a serious reaction to quinine.

• Houttuynia (yu xing cao)Documented risk

  Aristolactam content and kidney cell damage in rats at high extract amounts raise a question that human data have not answered.

• Imperata (bai mao gen)Documented risk

  Its potassium content is described as high with no measured values; no source we read describes the risk for kidney disease, so ask a clinician.

• Birch leafDocumented risk

  The EU monograph advises against use where less fluid is advised, such as severe kidney disease.

• TurmericDocumented risk

  MSK advises people prone to kidney stones to check before turmeric supplements.

• Chitrak (Ceylon leadwort)Documented risk

  Kidney was affected in repeated-dose rat studies.

• NutmegDocumented risk

  Kidney damage in rats at the higher very high amount.

• Caterpillar fungusPreliminary or mixed

  Same evidence as for the kidney system: add-on use under medical care, surrogate markers, low certainty.

• Angelica pubescens (du huo)Documented risk

  A water extract caused kidney toxicity in mice; human kidney safety not found.

• King tuber mushroomLab or animal research only

  Rat study of gentamicin kidney damage.

• Alpinia oxyphylla (yi zhi ren)Lab or animal research only

  Traditional kidney tonic; mouse and cell kidney-protection studies only.

• Lion's tail (wild dagga)Documented risk

  Rat studies of water extracts reported changes in kidney-related blood tests; no human data.

• Evodia (wu zhu yu)Documented risk

  High-dose extract and evodiamine harmed the kidneys of rats and mice; human data were not found.

• GrapefruitDocumented risk

  People with kidney problems are told to limit potassium-rich foods such as citrus; kidney stone evidence for grapefruit juice is mixed.

• Mandarins & TangerinesDocumented risk

  Potassium content is relevant in kidney disease; mandarins are listed as lower-potassium.

• LovageDocumented risk

  An encyclopedia advises against lovage root in acute kidney inflammation; traditional use is for flushing the urinary tract, with no trials found.

• Nasturtium (garden)Documented risk

  A herbal reference lists kidney disease as a contraindication.

• Iceland mossLab or animal research only

  In rats fed lead-containing lichen for three months, mild kidney changes were linked by the researchers to lead; no human kidney data found.

• CantaloupeDocumented risk

  Kidneys may not clear extra potassium in kidney disease (MedlinePlus).

• FigsDocumented risk

  Potassium-rich foods in general are a caution in kidney disease.

• Cassia seed (jue ming zi)Lab or animal research only

  A 2024 rat study found kidney injury with water extracts at high amounts. No human data were found.

• Scotch broomDocumented risk

  The reference says some chemicals in the plant might worsen kidney disease.

• Eggplant (Aubergine)Documented risk

  Potassium-rich foods matter for people with poor kidney function, per MedlinePlus; eggplant is moderate in potassium.

• Zucchini (Courgette)Documented risk

  Kidney function affects how well potassium is cleared; people with kidney disease should ask their care team about potassium-rich foods.

• Green PeasDocumented risk

  People with kidney problems should limit potassium-rich foods per MedlinePlus; peas are a moderate source.

• OkraDocumented risk

  Oxalate content is a question for people with kidney stones or kidney disease; the table we read names no source.

• Lovage seedDocumented risk

  Root preparations are not advised with acute kidney inflammation or damaged kidneys.

• CashewsDocumented risk

  One oxalate nephropathy case report.

• ChestnutsDocumented risk

  Potassium and phosphorus limits may apply in chronic kidney disease; ask a dietitian.

• Wintergreen OilDocumented risk

  Interstitial nephritis case report.

• Black TeaPreliminary or mixed

  Oxalate in black tea and mixed stone studies; very large amounts are the concern in case reports and association studies, results disagree.

• Lavender TeaDocumented risk

  Single case report of kidney injury.

• Kombucha (Fermented Tea)Documented risk

  A review lists kidney failure as a condition in which kombucha is contraindicated, while noting that its toxic effects are unclear.

• Wormwood Tea (Dangers)Documented risk

  One case report of kidney failure after a three-plant mixture.

• Hominy & GritsDocumented risk

  Canned hominy has 441 mg sodium per cup (19% DV); NIDDK says higher sodium intake raises kidney stone risk.

• LentilsDocumented risk

  Cooked lentils contain potassium and phosphorus (USDA). Plant phosphorus is absorbed less than animal or additive phosphorus (National Kidney Foundation); ask a kidney dietitian.

• Chickpeas (Garbanzo Beans)Documented risk

  Cooked chickpeas contain potassium and phosphorus (USDA). Plant phosphorus is absorbed less than animal or additive phosphorus (National Kidney Foundation); ask a kidney dietitian.

• Split PeasDocumented risk

  Cooked split peas contain potassium and phosphorus (USDA). Plant phosphorus is absorbed less than animal or additive phosphorus (National Kidney Foundation); ask a kidney dietitian.

• Pigeon PeasDocumented risk

  Cooked pigeon peas are a source of potassium and contain phosphorus (USDA). Plant phosphorus is absorbed less than animal or additive phosphorus (National Kidney Foundation); ask a kidney dietitian.

• Black-Eyed Peas (Cowpeas)Documented risk

  Cooked black-eyed peas contain potassium and phosphorus (USDA). Plant phosphorus is absorbed less than animal or additive phosphorus (National Kidney Foundation); ask a kidney dietitian.

• Navy BeansDocumented risk

  Potassium, phosphorus and oxalate questions in kidney disease; plant minerals are absorbed less well.

• White Beans (Cannellini & Great Northern)Documented risk

  Potassium, phosphorus and oxalate questions in kidney disease; plant minerals are absorbed less well.

• Lima BeansDocumented risk

  Potassium, phosphorus and oxalate questions in kidney disease; plant minerals are absorbed less well.

• Mung BeansDocumented risk

  Potassium, phosphorus and oxalate questions in kidney disease; plant minerals are absorbed less well.

• Adzuki BeansDocumented risk

  Potassium, phosphorus and oxalate questions in kidney disease; plant minerals are absorbed less well.

• Horse Gram (Kulthi)Documented risk

  Potassium and phosphorus in beans are absorbed less well than from animal foods; most people with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis do not need to limit beans, and dialysis patients should plan with a kidney dietitian.

• Bambara GroundnutDocumented risk

  Potassium and phosphorus in beans are absorbed less well than from animal foods; most people with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis do not need to limit beans, and dialysis patients should plan with a kidney dietitian.

• MisoDocumented risk

  NIDDK advises many people with chronic kidney disease to limit sodium.

• Hyacinth Beans (Lablab)Documented risk

  Potassium and phosphorus in beans are absorbed less well than from animal foods; most people with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis do not need to limit beans, and dialysis patients should plan with a kidney dietitian.

• Winged BeansDocumented risk

  Potassium and phosphorus in beans are absorbed less well than from animal foods; most people with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis do not need to limit beans, and dialysis patients should plan with a kidney dietitian.

• Jack Beans (Caution)Documented risk

  Potassium and phosphorus in beans are absorbed less well than from animal foods; most people with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis do not need to limit beans, and dialysis patients should plan with a kidney dietitian.

• Fish SauceDocumented risk

  WHO lists kidney disease among conditions linked to high sodium intake.

• Water (Tap & Bottled)Preliminary or mixed

  Higher water intake lowered stone recurrence in one randomized trial; people with kidney disease should follow clinician advice on fluids.

• Orange JuiceDocumented risk

  Potassium in orange juice is a point of caution in advanced kidney disease (NIDDK).

• Tomato JuiceDocumented risk

  Kidney disease can raise blood potassium; ask the care team about juices.

• Cranberry JuiceDocumented risk

  Small trials of cranberry juice disagree on kidney stone risk: one raised urinary oxalate and calcium, another lowered oxalate. People with a stone history should ask a clinician.

• Soda & Diet SodaPreliminary or mixed

  Higher kidney stone risk with sugar-sweetened soda in cohort studies.

• Vietnamese Ginseng (Ngoc Linh)Lab or animal research only

  Steamed root extract lowered kidney-injury markers in animals given cisplatin; not shown in people.

• Activated CharcoalPreliminary or mixed

  A pilot trial in chronic kidney disease patients.

• Bamboo CharcoalPreliminary or mixed

  A small pilot trial in stage 3 kidney disease reported lower uremic toxins and a better eGFR change with activated bamboo charcoal.

• Himalayan Pink SaltDocumented risk

  WHO links excess sodium to kidney disease; individual advice from a clinician.

• Celtic Grey SaltDocumented risk

  Sodium limits may need to be lower in kidney disease.

• Kosher SaltDocumented risk

  Sodium limits may need to be lower in kidney disease.

• Iodized Table SaltDocumented risk

  WHO lists kidney disease as associated with high sodium intake.

• Flaky and Smoked SaltsDocumented risk

  People with kidney disease may need lower sodium amounts.

• Creatine GummiesDocumented risk

  Case report of acute kidney injury after a mislabeled creatine powder with very high vitamin D; the lab-study authors also warn inaccurate labels could risk kidney problems.

• Plant Protein PowdersDocumented risk

  The kidneys clear protein waste; some kidney disease needs moderate protein.

• Greens PowdersDocumented risk

  The NHS advises checking with a doctor or pharmacist before supplements if you have kidney disease, since some affect the kidneys or interfere with medicine.

• Mushroom Blends and Mushroom CoffeeDocumented risk

  Chaga powder oxalate kidney case reports.

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