Food Allergy

Nutrients connected to Food Allergy

A link means the body needs the nutrient for this, or that low intake is linked to it. It does not mean extra supplements help if your intake is already adequate; each link shows how strong the evidence is.

• Mustard seedDocumented risk

  Mustard is a recognized allergen that can cause severe reactions.

• Celery seedDocumented risk

  Celery allergy is common enough to be a declared EU allergen and can be severe.

• ApricotsDocumented risk

  Apricot allergy is documented and cross-reacts with peach.

• KiwifruitDocumented risk

  Kiwifruit is a recognised cause of food allergy, from oral allergy syndrome to anaphylaxis.

• Za'atarDocumented risk

  Sesame, a main ingredient, is a major food allergen; reactions can be severe.

• CeleryDocumented risk

  Celery is a recognized food allergen, listed among the 14 EU labelled allergens.

• Sesame seedDocumented risk

  Sesame is a major US allergen; labels must name it since 2023.

• AlmondsDocumented risk

  Almonds are tree nuts, a major food allergen. Allergies to tree nuts are usually lifelong.

• WalnutsDocumented risk

  Walnuts are tree nuts, a major food allergen; allergy is rarely outgrown.

• Brazil NutsDocumented risk

  Brazil nut is a tree nut; tree nut allergies are often severe and can last for life.

• PistachiosDocumented risk

  Pistachio is a tree nut allergen; reactions can be severe.

• CashewsDocumented risk

  Cashew is a tree nut; allergy can be severe and tends to last a lifetime.

• PecansDocumented risk

  Pecan is a tree nut; allergy can be severe and tends to last a lifetime.

• Hazelnuts (Filberts)Documented risk

  Hazelnut is a tree nut allergen; call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling.

• Macadamia NutsDocumented risk

  Macadamia is a tree nut allergen; call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling.

• Nut & Seed Butters (overview)Documented risk

  Peanut, tree nut and sesame butters can trigger food allergy; sesame is a US major allergen since 2023.

• Pumpkin SeedsDocumented risk

  Pumpkin seed allergy is reported, with anaphylaxis in many reported cases.

• Sesame Seeds & TahiniDocumented risk

  Sesame is a major US food allergen; reactions range from hives to anaphylaxis.

• Black WalnutsDocumented risk

  Black walnut is a walnut-group tree nut; tree nut allergy can be severe and tends to last a lifetime.

• Hickory NutsDocumented risk

  Hickory is a tree nut; tree nut allergy can be severe and tends to last a lifetime.

• Nut Milks (Almond, Cashew and Others)Documented risk

  Nut milk is made from a tree nut; tree nuts are a major allergen and must be named on U.S. labels.

• Nut Flours, Almond Paste & MarzipanDocumented risk

  Almond is a tree nut and a major allergen; labels must name it.

• Mixed Nuts & Trail MixDocumented risk

  Mixed nuts and trail mix can contain several major allergens (peanut, tree nuts, sometimes seeds); read the full label.

• BuckwheatDocumented risk

  Buckwheat allergy can be severe; in a 46-patient series, 45 had immediate reactions.

• Lupini Beans (Lupins)Documented risk

  Lupin allergy can be severe; people with peanut allergy are at the highest risk.

• Soy Foods (Soybeans)Documented risk

  Soybeans are a major food allergen. For trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat, call 911 or the local emergency number.

• Edamame (Green Soybeans)Documented risk

  Soybeans are a major food allergen. For trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat, call 911 or the local emergency number.

• TofuDocumented risk

  Soybeans are a major food allergen. For trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat, call 911 or the local emergency number.

• HummusDocumented risk

  Hummus contains tahini (sesame), a major food allergen. For trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat, call 911.

• MisoDocumented risk

  Soy is a major US allergen; call 911 for trouble breathing or throat swelling.

• NattoDocumented risk

  Soy is a major US allergen; call 911 for trouble breathing or throat swelling.

• TempehDocumented risk

  Soy is a major US allergen; call 911 for trouble breathing or throat swelling.

• Soy Sauce & TamariDocumented risk

  Soy and wheat are major US allergens; call 911 for trouble breathing or throat swelling.

• Fermented Tofu (Sufu)Documented risk

  Soy is a major US allergen; call 911 for trouble breathing or throat swelling.

• Gochujang & DoenjangDocumented risk

  Soy is a major US allergen; call 911 for trouble breathing or throat swelling.

• Soy Flour & Textured Soy ProteinDocumented risk

  Soybeans are a major allergen; soy flour and textured protein are made from them.

• Fish SauceDocumented risk

  Fish is a major allergen and fish sauce is made from fish. Call emergency services for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

• Walnut & Other Nut OilsDocumented risk

  Walnut, hazelnut and almond are tree nuts; tree nut allergy is often severe and lifelong. Highly refined oils are outside FDA allergen labeling enforcement, with open questions for cold-pressed oils.

• Cow's MilkDocumented risk

  Milk is one of the nine major U.S. food allergens.

• Soy MilkDocumented risk

  Soy is one of the nine major U.S. food allergens.

• FenugreekDocumented risk

  Fenugreek can cause allergic reactions, sometimes serious; people allergic to peanut, soya or other legumes should avoid fenugreek seed medicines.

• Pumpkin seedDocumented risk

  Pumpkin seed allergy is rare but can cause anaphylaxis; the EU monograph lists hypersensitivity as a contraindication.

• Beech mushroomDocumented risk

  Mushroom allergy exists; one case report links mould allergy to a reaction after beech mushrooms.

• Golden oyster and other coloured oystersDocumented risk

  A child had a confirmed allergic reaction after eating oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus); golden and pink oyster were not tested. Severe reactions need emergency care.

• Pink peppercornDocumented risk

  Pink peppercorn is in the cashew family; most allergic children in a small study had a positive skin test to it. It is unconfirmed whether eating it causes reactions.

• Sichuan (Szechuan) pepperDocumented risk

  Two Sichuan pepper seed allergens are described, with cross-reactivity to cashew, pistachio and citrus seeds.

• Phoenix oysterDocumented risk

  A child had a confirmed allergic reaction after eating oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus); phoenix oyster was not tested. Severe reactions need emergency care.

• CuminDocumented risk

  Cumin is among spices reported to cause allergic reactions, with possible cross-reaction in people allergic to birch or mugwort pollen or celeriac.

• FenugreekDocumented risk

  Fenugreek can cause allergic reactions, sometimes serious; people allergic to peanut, soya or other legumes should take care.

• Annatto (achiote)Documented risk

  Annatto is a rare cause of food allergy in case reports; it is not on EFSA's common allergen list.

• Coriander seedDocumented risk

  Coriander is among spices implicated in allergy; cross-reactions with birch and mugwort pollen and with celery are described.

• CarawayDocumented risk

  People allergic to birch or mugwort pollen, celery or other carrot-family plants may react to caraway.

• Anise (aniseed)Documented risk

  Allergy to anise, carrot-family plants or anethole is a listed contraindication; cross-reactivity is described.

• SumacDocumented risk

  People with a cashew allergy may react to sumac, which is in the same plant family; evidence is one lab study and one case report.

• GrapesDocumented risk

  Grape allergy is uncommon but can be severe.

• Mandarins & TangerinesDocumented risk

  Citrus allergy is possible and can cross-react between orange, lemon and mandarin peel.

• Sweet CherriesDocumented risk

  Cherry allergy and cross-reaction with peach, apricot and plum are documented; reactions range from itchy mouth to whole-body.

• PeachesDocumented risk

  Peach is a documented food allergen (Pru p 3).

• NectarinesDocumented risk

  Nectarine is the same species as peach, a documented food allergen (Pru p 3); sources read did not study nectarine directly.

• ApplesDocumented risk

  Pollen-food allergy can cause an itchy mouth after raw apple; severe reactions are rare but need emergency care.

• AvocadoDocumented risk

  Some people with latex allergy react to avocado (about 10-20% in one older study).

• BananasDocumented risk

  Banana allergy is described, from mouth symptoms to whole-body reactions; latex-allergic people may also react to some fresh fruits.

• MangoDocumented risk

  Mango allergy is described, including anaphylaxis in a case report.

• PapayaDocumented risk

  Papaya and papain are recognised food allergens, including in latex-fruit syndrome.

• PineappleDocumented risk

  Pineapple showed the highest positive specific IgE rate among fruits in one study; allergy is possible.

• LycheeDocumented risk

  Lychee can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.

• Passion FruitDocumented risk

  Case reports of passion fruit allergy and latex cross-reactivity.

• JackfruitDocumented risk

  Jackfruit allergy is reported with birch pollen and latex allergy; call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

• Curry powderDocumented risk

  Blends may contain mustard, celery or sesame, which are listed allergens; read the full label.

• CoconutDocumented risk

  Coconut allergy affects about 1 in 260 Americans in one survey and can cause multi-system reactions.

• Ras el hanoutDocumented risk

  Celery, mustard and sesame are named allergens, and a blend may contain them depending on the recipe, so read the label.

• FigsDocumented risk

  Fig allergy has been described in people sensitised to Ficus benjamina and in a child with dust mite sensitisation.

• BerbereDocumented risk

  Fenugreek in berbere can cause allergic reactions, including serious ones; EMA lists peanut, soya and legume allergy as a reason to avoid fenugreek medicines.

• DukkahDocumented risk

  Dukkah contains nuts and sesame, and some versions peanuts, all named allergens. Read the label or ask the maker.

• Chili powderDocumented risk

  Blends may contain celery, mustard or sesame, which are listed allergens; read the full label.

• Cajun and Creole seasoningDocumented risk

  Blends may contain sesame, celery or mustard, which are listed allergens; read the full label.

• Jamaican jerk seasoningDocumented risk

  Blends may contain sesame, wheat, soy, celery or mustard, which are listed allergens; read the full label.

• Panch phoronDocumented risk

  Mustard and fenugreek, two of the five seeds, can cause allergic reactions, sometimes severe. Not tested on the blend.

• Shichimi togarashiDocumented risk

  Sesame, a typical part of shichimi, is a major US allergen and must be declared on packaged foods. Seeds such as poppy may also be present.

• Amchur (dried green mango powder)Documented risk

  Mango allergy is described; amchur is made from mango, but no source addresses amchur directly.

• Pink oyster mushroomDocumented risk

  A child had a confirmed allergic reaction after eating oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus); pink oyster was not tested. Severe reactions need emergency care.

• Mustard GreensDocumented risk

  Mustard allergy is documented, including anaphylaxis in young children; the sources read concern mustard as an ingredient.

• Chicory, Endive & RadicchioDocumented risk

  Oral allergy to chicory has been described in people with birch pollen allergy; daisy-family plants can cross-react with ragweed and mugwort pollen.

• Onions, Garlic & Allium Vegetables (overview)Documented risk

  Some people react to garlic; call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

• Eggplant (Aubergine)Documented risk

  Allergy to eggplant is rare but documented; the peel was the source of allergens in a case report. For breathing trouble or swelling of the face or throat, call 911.

• Green PeasDocumented risk

  Pea allergy is a recognized legume allergy, sometimes severe, and often occurs with other legume allergies.

• Fennel BulbDocumented risk

  Cross-reaction between celery family foods and mugwort pollen is described; no bulb-specific data read.

• Dried fenugreek leaf (kasuri methi)Documented risk

  Fenugreek can cause allergic reactions, sometimes serious; people allergic to peanut, soya or other legumes should take care.

• Mycoprotein (Quorn)Documented risk

  A confirmed food allergy to mycoprotein in a mould-allergic asthmatic and many self-reports; frequency unknown.

• Pine NutsDocumented risk

  Pine nut is among plant foods behind anaphylaxis cases in a French surveillance network.

• ChestnutsDocumented risk

  Chestnut can cause allergic reactions, and latex-allergic people may react to it.

• Poppy SeedsDocumented risk

  Poppy seed allergy is rare but can be severe.

• AcornsDocumented risk

  Acorn allergy has been reported in a case; oak and birch pollen allergy may be linked.

• Perilla SeedsDocumented risk

  Perilla seed allergy is documented in Korean children (about 0.11% in a school survey).

• PlumsDocumented risk

  Plum belongs to the rose family; peach allergen Pru p 3 is similar to proteins in other rose-family fruits. Plum-specific data not read.

• Buckwheat TeaDocumented risk

  Buckwheat can cause IgE-mediated food allergy, including anaphylaxis, with cross-reactions to peanut, latex, coconut, quinoa and poppy seed. Severe reactions are rare overall. No source on allergy to the tea specifically was found.

• Anise TeaDocumented risk

  Anise allergens have been described and the EU monograph bars use in people allergic to aniseed or Apiaceae plants.

• Cumin, Coriander and Fennel (CCF) TeaDocumented risk

  The EU monograph lists allergy to fennel, celery-family plants (aniseed, caraway, celery, coriander, dill) and mugwort pollen as contraindications; cumin and coriander have caused anaphylaxis in case reports.

• LentilsDocumented risk

  Lentil, chickpea and pea allergy reports exist, from mild to severe; peanut cross-reactions are described. Call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

• Chickpeas (Garbanzo Beans)Documented risk

  Lentil, chickpea and pea allergy reports exist, from mild to severe; peanut cross-reactions are described. Call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

• Split PeasDocumented risk

  Pea allergy is reported, with severe reactions described particularly for peas and lupine; peanut cross-reactions are described. Call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

• Bean & Lentil PastaDocumented risk

  Legume allergy and lupine, soy and peanut cross-reactivity are documented; read ingredients.

• Bambara GroundnutDocumented risk

  A lab study found IgE cross-reaction with peanut and soy in six allergic donors; no clinical case reports were read. Seek emergency care for breathing trouble or swelling of the face or throat.

• Chickpea Flour (Besan)Documented risk

  Chickpea allergy is reported and cross-reacts with other legumes such as pea, lentil and peanut.

• Pulse Flours (Lentil, Pea & Fava)Documented risk

  Lentil, pea and fava allergy occur and often involve several legumes.

• Pea ProteinDocumented risk

  Pea protein can cause reactions in some peanut-allergic people and pea is not a required US allergen label.

• Peanut OilDocumented risk

  Peanut is one of the nine major US allergens; highly refined oils are exempt from allergen labeling but must name the source.

• Sesame OilDocumented risk

  Sesame is a major US allergen; whether refined sesame oil triggers reactions was not shown in the sources read.

• Cod Liver Oil & Fish Oil (Food View)Documented risk

  Fish is a major allergen; allergy to one fish often extends to others.

• MayonnaiseDocumented risk

  Egg is a major food allergen and mayonnaise is egg-based.

• Cocoa & Hot ChocolateDocumented risk

  Mixes may contain milk, soy or nut ingredients; read the label. For trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat call 911.

• Coconut Milk BeverageDocumented risk

  Coconut allergy is possible; coconut must be listed in the ingredients.

• Goji BerryDocumented risk

  Allergic reactions to goji have been reported, mainly in people with plant food allergies (lipid transfer protein).

• HoneyDocumented risk

  Honey allergy is rare but can be severe, with a reported child anaphylaxis case linked to weed-pollen sensitisation.

• Buckwheat HoneyDocumented risk

  Buckwheat is a known food allergen; whether buckwheat honey affects buckwheat-allergic people is not known from the sources read.

• Coconut OilDocumented risk

  Coconut allergy is uncommon, about 1 in 260 US adults by survey, but real; unrefined coconut oil can trigger reactions in allergic people.

• Macadamia OilDocumented risk

  Macadamia is a tree nut; tree nut allergy can be severe, and nut-derived skincare ingredients were common in a survey of eczema products. Whether refined oil carries enough protein to react was not shown in sources read.

• Chia, hemp, perilla and walnut oilsDocumented risk

  Tree nuts such as walnuts are among the most common allergic foods, so walnut oil may not suit people with tree nut allergy.

• OreganoDocumented risk

  Oregano is among mint-family herbs reported to cause allergic reactions in children, some severe.

• Chicory rootDocumented risk

  Case reports describe immediate-type allergy to chicory, including oral allergy syndrome with birch pollen allergy.

• ChiaDocumented risk

  Case reports of allergic reactions to chia, including serious ones, and possible sesame cross-reactivity.

• CilantroDocumented risk

  Spice and herb allergy is reported, including severe reactions; rates for cilantro specifically were not found.

• FlaxseedDocumented risk

  Flaxseed allergy is rare but can be severe, including anaphylaxis.

• King oyster mushroomDocumented risk

  Mushroom allergy exists; a case report documents spore-related anaphylaxis and asthma with oyster mushroom in the same genus. A king oyster-specific report was not read.

• EnokiDocumented risk

  Case reports describe allergic reactions to enoki; how common this is was not found.

• ChanterelleDocumented risk

  Edible mushroom allergy is described in general; no chanterelle-specific report was read.

• King strophariaDocumented risk

  A mushroom society page says some people may react to this mushroom; no case report for the species was read.

• Giant puffballDocumented risk

  Some people react to certain fungi, and mature spores may trigger immediate-type allergy.

• Black pepperDocumented risk

  Pepper allergy is rare but reported, including in children.

• White pepperDocumented risk

  A case report describes pepper allergy in a toddler; reports call it rare.

• Cayenne and chili pepperDocumented risk

  Reviews describe spice allergy including pepper, from mild mouth reactions to anaphylaxis; MSK reports anaphylaxis after a pepperoncini meal.

• Bamboo mushroomDocumented risk

  Some dried bamboo fungus has carried excess sulphur dioxide; people sensitive to this preservative may get breathing difficulty, headache and nausea. This is a preservative sensitivity, not a reported allergy to the mushroom itself.

• Dill seedDocumented risk

  Occasional allergic skin reactions, mainly from fresh dill; spice cross-reactions within the celery family are common.

• PaprikaDocumented risk

  Pepper and paprika are listed among spices that can cause allergy, with cross-reactivity to birch and mugwort pollen.

• Smoked paprika (pimentón)Documented risk

  A case report describes anaphylaxis after eating paprika in a spice seller who tolerated other nightshades.

• OrangesDocumented risk

  Any food can cause an allergic reaction; oral allergy syndrome from raw fruit is described by the NHS (not orange-specific).

• GrapefruitDocumented risk

  Citrus allergy is documented and can be linked to pollen allergy.

• PearsDocumented risk

  Fruit can trigger oral allergy syndrome or serious reactions in allergic people (NHS); pear-specific data not found in the sources read.

• Garam masalaDocumented risk

  Spice mixes can list allergens such as sesame; US law requires sesame to be labeled on packaged foods.

• WatermelonDocumented risk

  Watermelon seed allergy, sometimes with anaphylaxis, was reported in children who were sensitised to pumpkin seed.

• Chinese five-spiceDocumented risk

  Pre-mixed blends can contain sesame and other allergens, which must be labeled on packaged US foods.

• Herbes de ProvenceDocumented risk

  Mint-family herbs are among spices and herbs reported to cause allergy in children; EMA excludes people allergic to thyme or other mint-family plants from thyme medicines.

• PomegranateDocumented risk

  Allergic reactions to pomegranate have been reported (NCCIH).

• Pumpkin pie spiceDocumented risk

  Packaged spice mixes can list allergens such as sesame, which US law requires on labels; no source says this blend contains sesame.

• Chaat masalaDocumented risk

  Amchoor is mango; mango cross-reaction with cashew and pistachio is inconsistent.

• Lettuce (Romaine & Leaf)Documented risk

  A case report describes lettuce anaphylaxis; frequency not established in sources read.

• White chicken of the woodsDocumented risk

  Some people are allergic to the genus. Reports for the white-pored species specifically were not found.

• Ancho chileDocumented risk

  Reviews describe allergy to pepper spices, including cross-reaction with pollen; MSK describes one anaphylaxis case with a chili pepper meal.

• Chipotle (smoked jalapeno)Documented risk

  MSK reports anaphylaxis after eating pepperoncini; an allergy review does not say which pepper it means.

• Aleppo pepperDocumented risk

  Reviews describe spice allergy including pepper, from mild mouth reactions to anaphylaxis; MSK cites anaphylaxis to a chili pepper.

• Kashmiri chiliDocumented risk

  A 2025 review lists pepper among spices linked to allergy in children.

• OnionsDocumented risk

  Allergy to eating onion is rare but reported, including a case of anaphylaxis after cooked onion.

• TomatoesDocumented risk

  Allergy to tomatoes is possible; call 911 for trouble breathing or swelling of the face or throat.

• Bell PeppersDocumented risk

  Pepper allergy is rare but documented and can be serious; cross-reaction with latex is described.

• Chili PeppersDocumented risk

  Pepper is listed among spices that can cause allergy, with pollen cross-reactivity.

• OkraDocumented risk

  Okra allergy and a delayed food reaction (FPIES) have been reported; frequency unknown.

• Sweet CornDocumented risk

  Corn allergy exists but is uncommon and needs a supervised food challenge to confirm.

• AsparagusDocumented risk

  Asparagus allergy is uncommon but reported, including reactions to handling raw spears.

• Globe ArtichokesDocumented risk

  Allergy to eaten artichoke has been described in case reports.

• Poppy seedDocumented risk

  Poppy seed allergy is rare; 10 of 36 sensitized people reacted to a food challenge, with cross-reactivity to some tree nuts.

• Onion powderDocumented risk

  Allergy to eaten onion is rare but reported, including a case of anaphylaxis after cooked onion.

• Chia SeedsDocumented risk

  Case reports of allergic reactions to chia, including anaphylaxis.

• FlaxseedDocumented risk

  Rare allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.

• Hemp Seeds (Hemp Hearts)Documented risk

  Hemp seed allergy is described in case reports; how common it is was not found in the sources read.

• Sunflower SeedsDocumented risk

  Sunflower seed allergy is described in clinic studies and case reports.

• Watermelon SeedsDocumented risk

  Reactions after watermelon seed were seen in a children's clinic series.

• Sacha Inchi (Inca Peanut)Documented risk

  Seed allergy is possible; only an occupational allergy case was found in the sources read.

• Tigernuts (Chufa)Documented risk

  EFSA says tigernut allergy seems rare; case reports include anaphylaxis to tigernut milk (details not read).

• Cumin OilDocumented risk

  Cumin spice allergy is documented, with cross-reactions across its plant family. It concerns the spice, not the oil.

• Corn Masa & Corn TortillasDocumented risk

  Corn is not among the most common food allergens listed by MedlinePlus, but tortilla products can contain wheat, milk or soy.

• Hominy & GritsDocumented risk

  Corn is not among the most common allergens listed by MedlinePlus, but cheese grits and packets can contain milk or other allergens.

• Navy BeansDocumented risk

  Bean allergy is rare; cross-reactions with soy and peanut are described in case reports.

• White Beans (Cannellini & Great Northern)Documented risk

  Bean allergy is rare; cross-reactions with soy and peanut are described in case reports.

• Lima BeansDocumented risk

  Bean allergy is rare; cross-reactions with soy and peanut are described in case reports.

• Mung BeansDocumented risk

  Bean allergy is rare; cross-reactions with soy and peanut are described in case reports.

• Adzuki BeansDocumented risk

  Bean allergy is rare; cross-reactions with soy and peanut are described in case reports.

• Bean Sprouts (Mung & Lentil Sprouts)Documented risk

  Mung bean and lentil are among allergenic legumes in a review; this is a case-based literature.

• Urad Dal (Black Gram)Documented risk

  In 355 patients with asthma or rhinitis in India and a history of legume allergy, black gram showed immune cross-reactivity with kidney bean, peanut and pigeon pea. Anaphylaxis is an emergency: call 911.

• Avocado OilDocumented risk

  Avocado fruit cross-reacts with latex allergy; no source read on the refined oil.

• Flaxseed OilDocumented risk

  Allergic reactions to flaxseed and its oil have been reported.

• Coconut Oil (as Food)Documented risk

  Coconut allergy is uncommon but real; coconut is no longer in the FDA tree nut list.

• Soybean & Vegetable OilDocumented risk

  Soybean is a major allergen; a small old study found no reactions to commercial soybean oil, and highly refined oils are exempt from allergen labeling.

• Rice Bran OilDocumented risk

  Rice is not a major allergen, and no study of rice bran oil allergy was found; this row records the general emergency rule.

• Grapeseed OilDocumented risk

  Grapes are not a major allergen and no study of the oil was found; this row records the general emergency rule.

• Palm OilDocumented risk

  Palm oil is not a major allergen and no study was found; this row records the general emergency rule.

• MCT OilDocumented risk

  Coconut allergy exists; check the source on the label.

• Margarine & Plant-Oil SpreadsDocumented risk

  Milk and soy are major allergens that may be in spreads.

• Cocoa ButterDocumented risk

  True cocoa allergy is rare; chocolate products may contain milk, peanuts or tree nuts.

• Blue-Green Algae (AFA)Documented risk

  Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis are reported with blue-green algae supplements.

• Phycocyanin (Blue Spirulina)Documented risk

  Allergy to blue-green algae components is reported; anaphylaxis is an emergency.

• Clover HoneyDocumented risk

  Honey allergy is rare; a case report describes anaphylaxis in a pollen-sensitized child after artisanal honey.

• Sesame Oil on Skin and HairDocumented risk

  Case reports describe hives after sesame-containing cosmetics and reactions to eating sesame (preprint review).

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